2009-02-23 IEA Advanced Motor Fuels Annual Report 2008 Contents Page Preface.......................................................................................................4 1. International Situation – Country Reports ................................................6 1.1 Austria ...........................................................................................6 1.2 Canada……………………………………………………………8 1.3 China .............................................................................................9 1.4 France ............................................................................................11 1.5 Japan..............................................................................................12 1.6 Spain..............................................................................................13 1.7 United States..................................................................................15 2. How to Join the AMF Programme? ..........................................................19 3. The Implementing Agreement and the AMF Programme ........................20 4. Running Projects/Annexes........................................................................28 5. Progress Reports by the Operating Agents ...............................................30 5.1 Annex XXVIII...............................................................................30 TEC: Information Service & AMF Website (AMFI) 5.2 Annex XXXIII...............................................................................32 AFHB: Particle Emissions of 2-S Scooters 5.3 Annex XXXIV ..............................................................................36 FEEC: Biomass Derived Diesel Fuels 5.3.1 Sub-task No 1. Analysis of Biodiesel Options.......................36 5.3.2 Sub-task No 2. Algae as a Feedstock for Biofuels.................38 5.4 Annex XXXV................................................................................40 DTU: Ethanol as Motor Fuel 5.4.1 Sub-task No 1. Ethanol as a Fuel for Road Transportation....40 5.5 Annex XXXVI ..............................................................................41 SRA: Measurement Technologies 5.6 Annex XXXVII .............................................................................44 VTT: Fuels and Technologies for Buses Appendix 1 AMF ExCo Meetings...........................................................45 Appendix 2 Executive Committee on Advanced Motor Fuels A. Delegates and Alternates.................................................46 B. Representatives of Operating Agents..............................53 C. Secretariat........................................................................55 Electronic Attachment 1 Main Results of Completed AMF Projects/Annexes Electronic Attachment 2 AMF Reports These electronic attachments and other updated information on IEA/AMF is found on a) www.iea-amf.vtt.fi b) www.iea.org/impag 2 February 2009 To IEA IEA Advanced Motor Fuels Annual Report 2008 The IEA Committee for Research and Development (CERT) has recommended that an Annual Report shall be submitted by each of the IEA Agreements on Research, Development and Demonstration Co-operation. This document contains the Annual Report 2008 of the Executive Committee of the IEA Advanced Motor Fuels Agreement. The contributions from the Operating Agents to this report are gratefully acknowledged. On behalf of the Executive Committee Steve Goguen Claës Pilo Chairman Secretary 3 Preface Oil prices and supply saw unprecedented volatility in 2008. Oil soared from a monthly average of $84 per barrel in January to approximately $126 in June and July, with a peak of $147; only to fall to approximately $33 by December as the world economy experienced a downturn. Such volatility emphasizes the large coupling between oil prices and the world economy. Disregarding the economic downturn toward the end of 2008, the worldwide appetite for oil is expected to increase in the future as developing nations strive to improve their economic conditions. As demand for oil and other energy sources continues to increase more rapidly than new supplies are found, it is increasingly important for all nations to establish sensible long-term energy policies for the coming decades. Along with the expected increase in worldwide energy usage, increasing emphasis is being placed on controlling Greenhouse Gases emissions (GHG’s), addressing global warming. Increasing worldwide demand for energy and oil is prompting many nations to take aggressive action to promote alternative fuels and energy efficiency. In the U.S., a groundbreaking initiative was promoted to dramatically decrease the U.S. demand for gasoline and lower the overall energy footprint of the U.S. The law, known as the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), was passed by Congress and signed by the President in December 2007, requires the use of 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel by 2022, including 21 billion gallons from advanced bio-fuels such as cellulosic ethanol. The act also requires a lifecycle analysis of the global warming impact of any new technology as described below. LIFECYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. The term ‘lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions’ means the aggregate quantity of greenhouse gas emissions (including direct emissions and significant indirect emissions such as significant emissions from land use changes), as determined by the Administrator, related to the full fuel lifecycle, including all stages of fuel and feedstock production and distribution, from feedstock generation or extraction through the distribution and delivery and use of the finished fuel to the ultimate consumer, where the mass values for all greenhouse gases are adjusted to account for their relative global warming potential. For Europe, the policy in effect continues to be EU Directive 2003/30/EC, which promotes the use of bio-fuels and other renewable fuels. Additionally, GHG’s have also received significant attention in the European Union and several amendments were proposed to EU Directive 2003/30/EC in September 2008 related to GHG’s. The most notable proposals were: • 10 % target for renewable fuel in road transport fuel by 2020 • 40 % must be met by non-food second-generation bio-fuels, • 2015 onwards, the greenhouse gas emission saving must be at least 60 % • Interim 5 % renewable fuels target by 2015 and at least 1% from second-generation bio-fuels Given this backdrop of world events, the IEA-AMF finds itself well positioned to carry out meaningful and timely research, which may help frame the platforms for future generations of 4 alternative and advanced fuels. The year 2008 was the fourth year of the current strategic plan. AMF has defined three Strategic Objectives: To gather, evaluate and disseminate information on advanced motor fuels and to act as a clearing-house on related information. To provide an easy-access platform for interested parties to join AMF as members. To create, maintain and make use of networks among partners involved in research, development, demonstration and deployment related to advanced motor fuels. To facilitate large-scale market deployment of advanced motor fuels by removing technical, economical and political barriers. To meet these objectives, the AMF undertakes an active portfolio of Annexes, which are distributed to the member countries, then presented at the ExCo meetings. Two meetings of the Executive Committee were held in 2008. The first was ExCo 35 in Vienna, Austria in May. This ExCo was held in conjunction with a day-long conference “Transport Fuels: Crucial Factor and Driver towards Sustainable Mobility,” sponsored by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation, and Technology. In addition, this ExCo meeting included field trips to two facilities. A tour of the engine and vehicle test labs, and biofuels production facilities at the Vienna University of Technology was provided. A second field trip was to the Bruck-Leitha biogas plant, near the Austrian-Hungarian-Slovakian border. A prototype containerized biofuel production facility, produced in collaboration with TU Vienna and Axion was being tested. As a part of the business meeting, the status of the six current annexes was presented and several new annexes were proposed or discussed. The second meeting was ExCo 36, which was held in Osaka, Japan, in December. A field trip to Kyoto included visits to the Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), in which one of their projects is to produce ethanol from cellulose, and then a visit to a bio-diesel refinery. The main items on the agenda were the Strategic Plan and the End-of- Term Report. Presentations on the six current annexes were made, and six proposed annexes were presented and discussed. The business meeting discussions also addressed revisions to the text of the AMF Implementing Agreement, and increased cooperation with other IEA Implementing Agreements, especially Biomass, Hydrogen, and Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. During the year, three countries (Austria, China, and Thailand) joined the AMF. Two other countries (Australia and New Zealand) were represented at ExCo 36. The chairman wishes to thank all of the participants for their efforts throughout 2008. Dr. Nils-Olof Nylund and Mr. Kazunori Nagai are due thanks for their able assistance as vice- chairmen. Thanks are due also to Dr. Claës Pilo for his diligent work as secretary for the committee. Steve Goguen Chairman of the Executive Committee Implementing Agreement on Advanced Motor Fuels