MORPHOSYNTACTIC PHENOMENA OF KOREAN IN ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR: PSYCH-VERB CONSTRUCTIONS, INFLECTIONAL VERB MORPHEMES, COMPLEX SENTENCES, AND RELATIVE CLAUSES by BYONG-SEON YANG May 1, 1994 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Linguistics of State University of New York at Buffalo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When I arrived in Austin, Texas to study for my Ph.D. in August, 1986, it was a hot and humid summer. When I finished this dissertation in Buffalo, New York, eight years later, it was a cool and pleasant summer. To finish this dissertation, I owe thanks for many people’s help and encouragement. I would like to express my gratitude for their support in completing this dissertation. First of all, my greatest thanks go to my adviser, Robert D. Van Valin, Jr. for his helpful suggestions and guidance, not only scholarly but alos personal. My research is based on his Role and Reference Grammar, and my interest in many of the topics in the dissertation is completely inspired by his work. Without his encouragement, I would never have started or finished this dissertation. I express here all my gratitude for the various kinds of help he gave me. I also wish to thank Matthew S. Dryer and David A. Zubin, who acted as committee members for the dissertation. Professor Dryer’s guidance and suggestions for earlier drafts have especially improved my arguments. He shared his insights and knowledge with me, and these were particularily helpful in the chapter on relative clauses. My thanks are alslo extended to William O’Grady, who has been an outside reader of this dissertation for his suggestions and comments. Throughout my five-year-stay in Buffalo, I have benefited from the expertise of all the faculty members, among them, Karin Michelson, Wolfgang Wölck, Donald D. Churma and Donna B. Gerdts. I would like to express particular gratitude to Donna B. Gerdts, my M.A. advisor, for her insights and encouragement during her stay in Buffalo. My knowledge on Relational Grammar was benefited from her lectures. I also want to thank Betty Brown and Dell Cook for always being helpful in administrative matters. I shared my student life with very nice people in SUNY at Buffalo, and I would like to thank my fellow students and colleagues: Mahamane L. Abdoulaye, Peter Brancato, Dan Davitt, Pat Fox, Isao Honda, Untae Kim, Tomiko Kodama, Jordan Lachler, Monica Madera, Styliani Nikouli, Sang-Ryong Oh, Ki-seong Park, Valerie Shafer, Mitsuaki Shimojo, Yongnam Um, Noriko Watanabe, Heather Weber, Lindsay Whaley, Sea-un Jhang, Cheong Youn, and Soon Ae Chun. I especially thank Dan Davitt for his scrupulous editing, which improved considerably the readability of this dissertation. Also I would like to thank the members of Korean United Methodist Church of Buffalo for their continuous prayer and friendships for my family. My faith in God has grown with their faith, desire and love. I wish to thank my former professors at Chonbuk National University in Korea, who taught me my basic scholarly ability in English linguistics and literature: Eun-hwan Lee, Soo-Gon Kim, Chung-taik Suh, Po-young Lee, Ho-chun Jeon, Hak-chun Kim, Byoung-man Jeon, Gwang-Hyeon Choi, and Yong-jin Shin. I benefited from their lectures and encouragement throughout my undergraduate and Master’s program. I am especially grateful to my M.A. advisor, Soo-Gon Kim, whose lectures and character provided a strong motivation for me to study linguistics and encouraged me to study for my Ph.D. in the U.S. Also I am indebted to Ik-whan Lee (Yeonsei University) and Jae-Hyun Han (Soongjun University) for their linguistic teaching, and to Jong-seok Kim (Chonju National Teachers College) and Joong-ryul Choi (Jeonju University) for their consideration on Rotary International Foundation scholarships. I would also like to thank other faculty member at Chonbuk National University, whose scholarly character has influenced to me when I worked as a Department Assistant and part-time instructure: Youn-ho Kim, Jun-seok Choi, Young-Jae Kim, Chang-ryung Kim, Byoung-hwa Jeong, Chongmin Lee, and Soo-kil Kim. I wish to thank the faculty members and colleagues of University of Texas at Austin where I lived and learned about linguistics from 1986-1989: Lee Baker, Robert Harms, Tony Woodbury, Robert Wall, Juliette Blevins (Levin when I stayed in Texas), Armin Mester, and Denis Bouchard. I learned very much from them during my study at Austin. My knowledge on GB was influenced by Denis Bouchard. Also, my thanks goes to my friends and colleagues at Austin: Boo-Mee Kim Chun, Tae-Goo Chung, Hak-Sung Han, Hyun-Sook Kang, Jong-Shil Kim, Hee-Chul Lee, Jong-Kun Lee, Gui-Sun Moon, Seung-Jae Moon, Byung-kyu Ahn, Byong-kon Yang, Hyun-kwon Yang, Jong-Yurl Yoon, Shoji Azuma, Jeon-kun Ahn, and Seok-kwon Jeong. I especially would like to express thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Seok-kwon Jeong for their help when I arrived in Austin. Also, I would like to thank the members of Korean Presbyterian Church of Austin, with whom I experienced my re-born Christian life. I express my gratitude to the Department of Linguistics of the State University of New York at Buffalo, New York State and Rotary International Scholarship Foundation for their financial support during my stay in the United States. The support from these institutions made my studies possible. I express my deep gratitude to my family. I thank my family in Korea for their patience and love: my father and mother, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brothers and sisters, for standing behind my educational goals. We missed each other very much over the last eight years. I will share my life with them from now on. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my wife and two sons, Kyong-chul (David) and Hyuk-yong (James). Without my wife and son’s prayer (especially Kyong-chul’s every night bed-time, praying to the God for his dad’s study) and patience, I could never have finished this dissertation. It is very hard to find any word for my wife’s devotion. This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, who never went to school, and my wife for her support and prayer for her husband. God loves me, a sinner, and my family. Without God’s love, I could not have survived the stress and heavy burden during my stay in the U.S.. I love Jesus, my savior. May 1, 1994 Byong-seon Yang Buffalo, NY TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ v THE YALE SYSTEM OF KOREAN ROMANIZATION ........................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ x Chapter 1. Introduction................................................................................................ 1 1.0. Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................... 1 1.1. Theoretical Background of Role and Reference Grammar ..................................... 6 1.1.1. Development of Current Syntactic Theory.............................................. 6 1.1.2. The Development and Historical Background of Role and Reference ..... Grammar............................................................................................... 9 1.1.3. Theoretical Background and Preliminaries of RRG ................................. 12 1.2. Korean: General.................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2. Aspectual Verb Classification, Lexical Representation, and the Syntax-....... Semantics Interface in Psych-Verb Constructions........................................ 23 2.0. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 23 2.1. Aspectual Verb Classification and Lexical Representation in Korean ..................... 25 2.1.1. Verb Classification and Lexical Representation in RRG .......................... 25 2.1.1.1. The Development of the Verb Classification in RRG ................ 25 2.1.1.2. Verb Classes, Logical Structure, and Semantic Roles in RRG...................................................................................... 30 2.1.1.2.1. Logical Structure and Lexical Representations........... 30 2.1.1.2.2. Semantic Roles.......................................................... 32 2.1.1.2.2.1. Thematic Relations...................................... 32 2.1.1.2.2.2. Macroroles.................................................. 35 2.1.2. Aspectual Classification of Verbs in Korean............................................ 37 2.1.2.1. Progressive Formation and [±dynamic] ................................... 37 2.1.2.2. Occurs with adverbs like paklyekisskey /himchakey/ hwaltongcekulo/ hwalpalhi ‘vigorously’, swutasulepkey ‘actively’, etc.................................................. 41 2.1.2.3. Occurs with han sikan tongan 'for an hour'............................. 42 2.1.2.4. Telicity [±telic] ....................................................................... 44 2.1.2.4.1. Occurs with han-sikan maney/nayey ‘in an hour’ .............................................................. 44 2.1.2.4.2. Occurrence with -e-iss-ta..........................................