` INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR PAKISTAN Muhammad Tahir Qureshi October 2011 i ` Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER – 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 1 1. Global and Regional Context: ....................................................................................................... 1 2. The Pakistan Context: ................................................................................................................... 2 3. Current Status of ICZM in Pakistan: .............................................................................................. 2 4. Need of ICZM Plan: ....................................................................................................................... 3 5. Principles of ICZM: ........................................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER – 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 6 COASTAL RESOURCES .............................................................................................................................. 6 1. Physical Environment: ................................................................................................................... 6 2. Land Use: ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Biodiversity (Ecosystem, Habitats and Species diversity): ........................................................... 7 3.1 Micro Organisms: ................................................................................................................ 8 3.2.1 Benthic Community: .................................................................................................... 8 3.2.2 Pelagic Community: .................................................................................................... 8 3.2.3 Supra Tidal Community: ............................................................................................. 8 4. Fisheries and Aquaculture:............................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Non Conventional Resources: ............................................................................................. 9 4.2 Infra-Structure: ..................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Measures For Avoiding Over-exploitation of Fisheries Resources: .................................. 10 5.0 Water Resources: ........................................................................................................................ 10 6.0 Non-Living (Non-renewable) Resources: .................................................................................... 11 6.1 Tourism: ............................................................................................................................. 11 6.1.1 Present Status: ......................................................................................................... 11 6.1.2 Pakistan’s Share in World Tourism: .......................................................................... 11 6.1.3 Potential in Coastal Areas: ....................................................................................... 12 6.1.4 Policy Recommendations: ........................................................................................ 12 7.0 Urbanization and Settlement: ...................................................................................................... 12 7.1 Demographic and Social Aspects: .................................................................................... 12 7.2 Migration to Other Parts of Pakistan: ................................................................................ 13 7.3 Status of Women: .............................................................................................................. 13 8.0 Government and Community Facilities: ...................................................................................... 14 8.1 Education: .......................................................................................................................... 14 8.2 Health: ............................................................................................................................... 14 8.3 Water Supply, Sanitation and Electricity: .......................................................................... 14 9.0 Current – Institution and Legislative Arrangements: ................................................................... 14 9.1 Federal Organizations: ...................................................................................................... 14 ii ` 9.2 Provincial Departments: .................................................................................................... 15 9.3 Academia: .......................................................................................................................... 15 9.4 Local Government: ............................................................................................................ 16 9.5 Non Government Organization: ......................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER – 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 17 THREATS TO PAKISTAN COASTAL ECOSYSTEM ................................................................................. 17 1. Introduction: ................................................................................................................................. 17 1.1 Population Growth: ............................................................................................................ 17 1.2 Fresh Water Availability and Salinity: ................................................................................ 17 1.3 Over Exploitation of Natural Resources By Coastal Communities:................................... 18 1.4 Marine and Industrial Pollution Due to Urbanization and Industrialization: ....................... 18 1.5 Lack of Uniform Legislation And Coordination: ................................................................. 18 1.6 Use Of Destructive And Unsustainable Fishing Practices: ............................................... 19 1.7 Lack of Education & Awareness among People, Government & NGO/CBOs: ................. 19 1.8 Unplanned Development Along The Coast: ...................................................................... 19 1.9 Port Operations: ................................................................................................................ 20 1.10 Enforcement Capabilities:.................................................................................................. 20 1.11 Revamping EAs, CDA, Departments of Fisheries and Forestry: ...................................... 20 1.12 Implementation Of Development Programmes, Policies & Plans: .................................... 20 2. Environmental Impact of Development Activities: ....................................................................... 21 2.1 The expansive and modernization of high industry: .......................................................... 21 CHAPTER – 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 22 ICZM PLAN DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................................... 22 1. Business as Usual: ...................................................................................................................... 22 2. Purpose Of Consultative Meeting: .............................................................................................. 22 3. Issues Identification & Prioritization: ........................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER – 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 24 INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ................................................................. 24 1. Strategic Approach and Guiding Principles................................................................................. 24 1.1 Goal: .................................................................................................................................. 24 1.2 Objectives: ......................................................................................................................... 24 1.3 Recommended Interventions:...........................................................................................