Modern Water Control and Management Practices in Irrigation: Impact on Performance http://www.itrc.org/reports/modernwatercontrol/modernwatercontrol.htm ITRC Report 98-001 Modern Water Control and Management Practices in Irrigation: Impact on Performance AGR IPTRID ITRC Prepared for the World Bank Research Committee Principal Authors Charles M. Burt, P.E., Ph.D. Stuart W. Styles, P.E. October 1998 Modern Water Control and Management Practices in Irrigation: Impact on Performance http://www.itrc.org/reports/modernwatercontrol/modernwatercontrol.htm ITRC Report 98-001 Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................x Background ...................................................................................................................................... x Procedure ......................................................................................................................................... x Summary ....................................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1-1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 1-2 Project Appraisals ......................................................................................................................... 1-3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 1-6 Develop Internal Process Indicators and External Indicators. ......................................................1-6 Develop Data Collection Forms. ...................................................................................................1-6 Project Visits. .................................................................................................................................1-8 Computation of Indicators. ............................................................................................................1-9 Written project Summaries. ............................................................................................................1-9 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 1-9 Chapter 2. Rapid Appraisal Process (RAP) ............................................................................ 2-1 Chapter 3. Project Selection ...................................................................................................... 3-1 Chapter 4. Irrigation Project Characteristics ......................................................................... 4-1 Chapter 5. External Indicators ................................................................................................. 5-1 IWMI Indicators of Irrigated Agricultural Output. ....................................................................... 5-1 Proposed Indicators of Agricultural Output .................................................................................. 5-2 IWMI Indicators of Water Supply ................................................................................................ 5-3 IWMI Financial Indicators ............................................................................................................ 5-6 New or Revised External Indicators ............................................................................................. 5-7 Graphs of Indicators ...................................................................................................................... 5-8 Chapter 6. Internal Process Indicators .................................................................................... 6-1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 6-1 Internal Indicators: Results ........................................................................................................... 6-8 Chapter 7. Correlation Evaluation ........................................................................................... 7-1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 7-1 Percent of Area with an Active Water User Association .............................................................. 7-4 Size of the Water User Association .............................................................................................. 7-7 Time Needed for the Manager to Travel Down the Main Canal .................................................. 7-8 Communications - How Often do Cross-Regulator Operators Communicate with the Next Higher Level (Hr) ....................................................................................................................... 7-10 Cost of the Land Close to the Head of Canals ............................................................................ 7-12 Actual Service to Individual Fields Based on Traditional Irrigation Methods ........................... 7-14 Actual Service by Main Canals to Its Subcanals ........................................................................ 7-19 Capacities .................................................................................................................................... 7-21 Percentage of O&M Collected .................................................................................................... 7-24 Number of Turnouts Per Operator .............................................................................................. 7 - 2 4 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 7-27 Chapter 8. General Observations ............................................................................................. 8-1 Developing the Proper Focus ........................................................................................................ 8-1 Irrigation Efficiency ...................................................................................................................... 8-2 Table of Contents Page i Modern Water Control and Management Practices in Irrigation: Impact on Performance http://www.itrc.org/reports/modernwatercontrol/modernwatercontrol.htm ITRC Report 98-001 Management .................................................................................................................................. 8-6 Computers ................................................................................................................................... 8-10 Cost Recovery ............................................................................................................................. 8-13 Trends in Farm and Field Sizes .................................................................................................. 8-14 Training ....................................................................................................................................... 8-14 Water User Associations and Farmer Cooperation. .................................................................... 8-17 Farmer Expectations and Field Irrigation Performance .............................................................. 8-21 Hardware Practices ..................................................................................................................... 8-23 Gated vs. Ungated Systems. ......................................................................................................... 8-24 Cheap Imitations. ......................................................................................................................... 8-24 Proper Turnout Designs. .............................................................................................................. 8-24 Turnout Density. .......................................................................................................................... 8-28 Pipelines. ...................................................................................................................................... 8-28 Buffer (Regulating) Reservoirs. ................................................................................................... 8-28 Long Crested Weirs. ..................................................................................................................... 8-29 Canal Cross Section Designs ...................................................................................................... 8-29 Cattle Access ............................................................................................................................... 8-31 Mobility and Communications ................................................................................................... 8-31 Chapter 9. Review of the Original Hypotheses ....................................................................... 9-1 Chapter 10. Irrigation Project Improvement and Modernization .....................................