[INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & Volume-3,Issue-2, Feb 2015 DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY] ISSN (O) :- 2349-3585 Investigation and Optimization of Roving Making Machine Prof.A.B.Tupkar 1, Bhushan Dhande 2, Ankur Bhute 3 , Siddhant Jadhao 4 ,Suchit Surkar 5,Prayag Roy Choudhury 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Sewagram & MGIRI Wardha. Wardha (Maharashtra), India. Abstract— Textile is one of the biggest manufacturing at the same time. A number of developments during the industries in India. Investigation is related to textile industry eighteenth century further mechanized the spinning process. In especially to Khadi Yarn manufacturing process in rural 1733, the flying shuttle was invented by John Kay, followed by areas. Presently spinning mills are operating on very large Hargreaves' spinning jenny in 1766. The jenny featured a series scale and not able to fulfill the demand of hank for of spindles set in a row, enabling one operator to produce large manufacturing Khadi yarn needed for hand weavers. The quantities of yarn. Several years later Richard Arkwright main aim of this paper is to make design of roving making patented the spinning frame, a machine that used a series of which will be efficient in cost and production, easily rotating rollers to draw out the fibre. The ring frame was understandable to rural workers and will be effortless. This invented in 1828 by the American John Thorp and is still paper embraces on design of the miniature model of speed widely used today. This system involves hundreds of spindles frame to produce @ 60 Kg of roving in 8 Hours. Analysis mounted vertically inside a metal ring. Many natural fibres are and optimization of process parameters of roving making now spun by the open-end system, where the fibre are drawn machine for production of best quality yarn is also included. by air into a rapidly rotating cup and pulled out on the other This will result in increase income and standard of living of side as a finished yarn. rural textile worker. 3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT YARN Index Terms: Khadi, Optimization, Roving, Textile, Yarn. MANUFACTURING PROCESS I. INTRODUCTION This paper is related to textile industry especially to Roving In under the yarn manufacturing process, there are mainly frame process, which is a yarn manufacturing process. In this seven processes: paper identifies the different problems occurring during 3.1 Blow Room Process: Blow room is the initial stage in manufacturing of yarn in roving process, it also highlights the spinning process. The name blow room is given because of the- critical success factors which are most important in quality air flow and all process is done in blow room because of air point of view. It also describes the preventive action against flow. In blow room the tuft size of cotton becomes smaller and any failure. This paper also describes different problems in smaller. Mixing of cotton is done separately as well as in blow quality perspective and identifies the reason for these problems room. Compressed layer of bale is also open in blow room with due to carelessness of employees during manufacturing of yarn the help of machine. in roving process. 3.2 Carding Process: Carding process is very important since it 2. HISTORY helps us both way to open the tuft into a single fibre and to Until about 1300, yarn was spun on the spindle and whorl. A remove the impurities and neps. Card feeding is done by two major improvement was the spinning wheel, invented in India ways. One is manually and other is through chute feed system. between 500 and 1000 A.D. and first used in Europe during the Approximately 90% cleaning efficiency is achieved with the middle Ages. A horizontally mounted spindle is connected to a help of carding machine. large, hand-driven wheel by a circular band. The distaff is 3.3 Drawing Frame Process: This process, in spinning mounted at one end of the spinning wheel and the fibre is fed regarding to quality point of view plays very important role for by hand to the spindle, which turns as the wheel turns. A the quality of yarn. It effects on quality especially on evenness component called the flyer twists the thread just before it is of sliver. Drafting arrangement is provided in draw frame wound on a bobbin. The spindle and bobbin are attached to the which should be simple, stable design, should have ability to wheel by separate parts, so that the bobbin turns more slowly produce high quality product. It should have high fibre control. than does the spindle. Thus, thread can be twisted and wound www.ijrdt.org | copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved. 7 Volume-3,Issue-2, Feb 2015 Paper Title:- Investigation and Optimization of Roving Making Machine ISSN (O) :- 2349-3585 Auto leveller is also used to adjust and to improve the linear is popularly carried out using an apron drafting system and density of the sliver. then inserting low level of twist into the roving in order to 3.4 Combing Process: For getting high quality of yarn, one impart sufficient cohesion and condensing to the roving to extra process is introduced which is called combing process. facilitate uniform and controlled drafting during ring spinning, Combing is an operation in which dirt and short fibres are particularly pre-drafting stage. Simple roller drafting was used removed from sliver lap by following ways: in some system up to 50 years ago but due to its relatively poor In specially designed jaws, a narrow lap of fibre is fiber control, it was replaced by apron drafting system which firmly gripped across its width provides far better fiber control, due to aprons exerting a very Closely spaced needles are passed through the fibre light pressure on the fibers, until they reach nip of front rollers. projecting from jaws Draft range between 3 and 16, with roving linear density Because of straightened condition of fibre combing makes typically between 300 and 600tex, the drafted twisted strand is possible spinning smoother and more lustrous yarn. In combing wound on to the bobbin using flyer and bobbin arrangement, process length of fibre are strong so it need less twist produced one turn of twist being inserted with each rotation of flyer. then carded yarn. Flyer speed of over 1500 rpm is possible. 3.5 Roving process: It is an intermediate processes in which 4.1 Analysis of Roving Making Machine: fibres are converted into low twist lea called roving. The sliver 4.1.1 Drafting system: which is taken from draw frame is thicker so it is not suitable for manufacturing of yarn. Its purpose is to prepare input Draft:-The amount of attenuation of textile material at different package for next process. This package is to prepare on a small stages of spinning and roving process, for example. 1 m of compact package called bobbins. Roving machine is input material when delivered as 5 m is said to have undergone complicated, liable to fault, causes defect adds to the a draft of 5.In other words reducing the linear density of textile production costs and deliver the product. In this winding material with respect to time by passing the material through operation that makes us roving frame complex. There are two successive pair of roller’s rotating at higher peripheral speeds. main basic reasons for using roving frame: Various formulas used in textile industry to calculate the draft The roving sliver is thick and untwisted. Because of it as follows: hairiness and fly is created. So draft is needed to reduce the linear density of sliver. The ring drafting arrangement is not capable that it may process the roving sliver to make the yarn. Draw frame can represent the worst conceivable mode of transport and presentation of feed material to the ring spinning frame. 3.6 Ring Spinning Process: Ring Spinning machine is used in Drafting:-It is a process of reducing the bulk and weight per textile industry to twist the staple fibre into a yarn and wind on unit length of a semi processed textile material such as rove or a bobbin for storage and also input for the winding section for sliver and simultaneously parallelizing its fibrous components, more precise the yarn to minimize the defects of end yarn. as it passes through the various machines used in making yarn. 3.7 Winding Section: It is the last section of yarn manufacturing process where auto cone machines are installed 4.1.2 Roller drafting system (High speed drafting): and take an input material from ring spinning section as a yarn Commercially, there are various methods to draft the textile bobbin and give a yarn on paper cone after passing detecting fibrous material like roller drafting system applied at ring instrument as an output. In winding section, there are lot of spinning, speed frame and draw frames etc, aero dynamic heads in auto cone machines use to wound the yarn from ring drafting functional at rotor spinning, electro mechanical bobbin yarn to paper cone yarn. After making the yarn in ring drafting, frictional drafting etc. Out of these techniques, roller process, auto cone section made it more even yarn by passing drafting system is the most commercially successful one due to through the optical sensor which is installed in different heads its high versatility, simple design and construction, high of machine. The yarn which is obtained from winding section reliability and can handle variety of fibres and a wide spectrum is able to sell the customers.