ITS Deployment Guidance for Transit Systems Technical Edition Prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation Prepared by PB Farradyne Inc. April 1997 ITS Deployment Guidance for Transit Systems Technical Edition Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSE AND INTENDED AUDIENCE................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FOR TRANSIT ..................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Automatic Vehicle Location ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Electronic Fare Payment .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 Pre-Trip Traveler Information .................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.4 Traffic Signal Priority............................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 TRANSIT CONCERNS IN ITS IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Funding .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 Maintaining Basic Service Quality............................................................................................................ 8 1.4.3 Misconceptions of ITS Capabilities........................................................................................................... 8 1.4.4 Ability to Maintain Systems Over Time ..................................................................................................... 8 1.4.5 Fear of Installing Outdated or Proprietary Equipment.............................................................................. 9 1.4.6 Quantifiable Benefits ................................................................................................................................ 9 2. NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE: NEW TOOL FOR THE TRADE......................................................11 2.1 WHAT IS THE NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE? ..................................................................................................11 2.2 HOW DOES IT BENEFIT ME? .............................................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Integration Of Systems.............................................................................................................................12 2.2.2 Standards.................................................................................................................................................12 2.2.3 Synergy....................................................................................................................................................13 2.2.4 Hypothetical Example..............................................................................................................................14 2.3 KEY CONCEPTS OF THE NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE......................................................................................16 2.3.1 User Services...........................................................................................................................................16 2.3.2 Market Packages .....................................................................................................................................20 2.3.3 Logical Architecture ................................................................................................................................22 2.3.4 Physical Architecture...............................................................................................................................24 2.4 NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE PRODUCTS .......................................................................................................26 2.4.1 Hard Copy...............................................................................................................................................26 2.4.2 CD-ROM .................................................................................................................................................26 2.4.3 Internet Web Sites....................................................................................................................................27 2.4.4 National ITS Architecture Documents......................................................................................................27 3. HOW TO USE THE NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE...........................................................................31 3.1 ITS CONCEPTS DEFINITION ..............................................................................................................................34 3.1.1 Mission Statement....................................................................................................................................34 3.1.2 Measures of Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................36 3.1.3 Vision ......................................................................................................................................................36 3.1.4 User Services...........................................................................................................................................37 3.1.5 Strawman Architecture.............................................................................................................................39 3.2 ITS REGIONAL FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT .....................................................................................................39 3.2.1 Logical Architecture ................................................................................................................................41 3.2.2 Physical Architecture...............................................................................................................................43 3.2.3 Market Packages Evaluation ...................................................................................................................48 3.2.4 Technologies............................................................................................................................................56 3.2.5 Existing/Committed Conventional & ITS Projects/Systems.......................................................................56 3.2.6 Financial Opportunities/Constraints........................................................................................................57 3.2.7 Standards.................................................................................................................................................57 i ITS Deployment Guidance for Transit Systems Technical Edition 3.2.8 Implementation Strategy ..........................................................................................................................58 3.2.9 Candidate Project Definition ...................................................................................................................58 3.2.10 Rapid Deployment Project Definition.....................................................................................................58 3.3 PROJECT DEPLOYMENT ....................................................................................................................................59 3.3.1 Design Options and Trade-offs.................................................................................................................59 3.3.2 Determine Standards ...............................................................................................................................60 3.3.3 Procurement - Today and Tomorrow........................................................................................................66 3.3.4 Aligning Design and Procurement with the National ITS Architecture - Data Flows for Transit...............71 3.4 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE .....................................................................................................................76 3.4.1 Operating and Maintaining......................................................................................................................77 3.4.2 Operations and Maintenance for Multijurisdictional ITS Systems ............................................................77 3.4.3 Operations and Maintenance Costs..........................................................................................................78 3.5 EVALUATION ...................................................................................................................................................79 3.5.1 Evaluation ...............................................................................................................................................79 4. ALIGNMENT WITH THE NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE................................................................83