Silma Looduskaitseala Ja Karjatsimere Hoiuala Kaitsekorralduskava 2017–2026

Silma Looduskaitseala Ja Karjatsimere Hoiuala Kaitsekorralduskava 2017–2026

Silma looduskaitseala ja Karjatsimere hoiuala kaitsekorralduskava 2017–2026 Keskkonnaamet 2017 SISUKORD 1. SISSEJUHATUS ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1. ALA ISELOOMUSTUS ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2. MAAKASUTUS ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3. HUVIGRUPID ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.4. KAITSEKORD ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.5. UURITUS ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 1.5.1. Läbiviidud inventuurid ja uuringud ........................................................................................................... 16 1.5.2. Riiklik seire ................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.5.3. Inventuuride ja uuringute vajadus ............................................................................................................. 18 2. VÄÄRTUSED JA KAITSE-EESMÄRGID ......................................................................................................... 19 2.1. ELUSTIK............................................................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.1. Taimed ....................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.1.1. Kaunis kuldking (Cypripedium calceolus) ............................................................................................................ 21 2.1.1.2. Soohiilakas (Liparis loeselii) ................................................................................................................................ 22 2.1.1.3. Emaputk (Angelica palustris) ............................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1.4. Klibutarn (Carex glareosa) ................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1.5. Põhjatarn (Carex mackenziei) ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1.6. Rand-soodahein (Suaeda maritima) ...................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1.7. Harilik muguljuur (Herminium monorchis) .......................................................................................................... 26 2.1.1.8. Karvane lipphernes (Oxytropis pilosa) ................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.1.9. Lääne-mõõkrohi (Cladium mariscus) ................................................................................................................... 28 2.1.1.10. Kahkjaspunane sõrmkäpp (Dactylorhiza incarnata)........................................................................................... 28 2.1.1.11. Soo-neiuvaip (Epipactis palustris) ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.1.12. Hall käpp (Orchis militaris) ................................................................................................................................ 30 2.1.2. Kalad ......................................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.2.1. Hink (Cobitis taenia) ............................................................................................................................................ 31 2.1.3. Kahepaiksed ............................................................................................................................................... 32 2.1.3.1. Kõre (Bufo calamita) ............................................................................................................................................ 32 2.1.4. Linnud ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 2.1.4.1. Merikotkas (Haliaeetus albicilla) ......................................................................................................................... 38 2.1.4.2. Niidurüdi (Calidris alpina schinzii) ...................................................................................................................... 39 2.1.4.3. Tutkas (Philomachus pugnax) .............................................................................................................................. 41 2.1.4.4. Väike-laukhani (Anser erythropus) ....................................................................................................................... 43 2.1.4.5. Sarvikpütt (Podiceps auritus) ja hallpõsk-pütt (Podiceps grisegena) ................................................................... 45 2.1.4.6. Hüüp (Botaurus stellaris) ..................................................................................................................................... 46 2.1.4.7. Naaskelnokk (Recurvirostra avosetta) .................................................................................................................. 47 2.1.4.8. Mustsaba-vigle (Limosa limosa) ........................................................................................................................... 49 2.1.4.9. Valgeselg-kirjurähn (Dendrocopos leucotos) ....................................................................................................... 50 2.1.4.10. Väikekajakas (Hydrocoloeus minutus) ............................................................................................................... 51 2.1.4.11. Väikehuik (Porzana parva) ja Täpikhuik (Porzana porzana) ............................................................................ 52 2.1.4.12. Rooruik (Rallus aquaticus) ................................................................................................................................. 53 2.1.4.13. Roo-loorkull (Circus aeruginosus) ..................................................................................................................... 54 2.1.4.14. Soo-loorkull (Circus pygargus) .......................................................................................................................... 55 2.1.4.15. Rukkirääk (Crex crex) ........................................................................................................................................ 56 2.1.4.16. Sookurg (Grus grus) ........................................................................................................................................... 57 2.1.4.17. Suurkoovitaja (Numenius arquata) ..................................................................................................................... 58 2.1.4.18. Punajalg-tilder (Tringa totanus).......................................................................................................................... 60 2.1.4.19. Mustviires (Chlidonias niger) ............................................................................................................................. 62 2.1.4.20. Jõgitiir (Sterna hirundo) ja randtiir (Sterna paradisaea) .................................................................................... 62 2.1.4.21. Teder (Tetrao tetrix) ........................................................................................................................................... 63 2.1.4.22. Musträhn (Dryocopus martius) ........................................................................................................................... 64 2.1.4.23. Hänilane (Motacilla flava) .................................................................................................................................. 65 2.1.4.24. Vööt-põõsalind (Sylvia nisoria) .......................................................................................................................... 65 2.1.4.25. Punaselg-õgija (Lanius collurio) ......................................................................................................................... 66 2.1.4.26. Hallhani (Anser anser)R ..................................................................................................................................... 66 2.1.4.27. Läbirändavad linnud ........................................................................................................................................... 68 2.1.5. Imetajad ..................................................................................................................................................... 70 2.1.5.1. Põhja-nahkhiir (Eptesicus

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