Safety and health in opencast mines Safety and health in opencast mines Second (revised) edition ILO code of practice Safety and health in opencast mines Second (revised) edition INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2018 First published 1991 Second (revised) edition 2018 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ILO code of practice: Safety and health in opencast mines. International Labour Office, Geneva, 2018 ISBN 978-922-131709-8 (print) ISBN 978-922-131710-4 (web pdf) Also available in French: La sécurité et la santé dans les mines à ciel ouvert. Recueil de directives pratiques du BIT, ISBN 978-92-2-231120-0 (print); ISBN 978-92-2- 231121-7 (web pdf); and in Spanish: Seguridad y salud en las minas a cielo abierto: Repertorio de recomendaciones prácticas de la OIT, ISBN 978-92-2-328553-1 (print); ISBN 978-92-2-328554-8 (web pdf), Geneva, 2018. 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This publication was produced by the Document and Publications Production, Printing and Distribution Branch (PRODOC) of the ILO. Graphic and typographic design, layout and composition, proofreading, printing, electronic publishing and distribution. PRODOC endeavours to use pape r sourced from forests managed in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner. Code: DTP-CORR-SCR-REP Preface The ILO Code of practice on safety and health in opencast mines was adopted by a Meeting of Experts held in Geneva from 16 to 20 October 2017, in accordance with a Governing Body decision at its 329th Session (March 2017). This code of practice replaces an earlier code that was adopted in 1990. The meeting was attended by 22 experts and their advisers - eight experts nominated by the Governments of Canada, Chile, Germany, Indonesia, Mongolia, Namibia, Russian Federation and Zambia; seven nominated by the Employers’ group of the Governing Body; and seven nominated by the Workers’ group of the Governing Body. Expert observers from other govern- ments, and observers from intergovernmental and non-govern- mental organizations, also attended the meeting. The good spirit of cooperation among all participants paved the way for developing consensus on a new, comprehensive and practical code that will help to raise the profile of safety and health issues in opencast mines in all parts of the world, and contribute to the health, morale and well-being of workers in the industry. The text of the code was approved for publication by the Governing Body of the ILO at its 332nd Session (March 2018). Alette van Leur Director Sectoral Policies Department v Sectoral codes of practice ILO Sectoral codes of practice are reference tools setting out principles that can be reflected in the design and implementa- tion of policies, strategies, programmes, legislation, adminis- trative measures and social dialogue mechanisms in particular economic sectors or clusters of sectors. Sectoral codes of practice are adopted by Meetings of Experts comprising governments, employers and workers. They can be implemented progressively to take into account different national settings, cultures, and social, economic, environmental and political contexts. Sectoral codes of practice draw their principles from the ILO’s international labour standards (Conventions and Recommendations) and other sources, including Declarations, codes of conduct and other policy guidance adopted and endorsed by the International Labour Conference or the ILO Governing Body. They also draw on other international agreements and policy in the sector concerned, as well as on relevant trends and developments in regional and national law and practice. Sectoral codes of practice focus on the issues that are priorities for governments, employers and workers, and that are unique to particular economic sectors and industries. While international labour standards normally deal with more general principles of labour law and practice, Sectoral codes of practice specify the principles and processes that could be implemented to promote decent work in particular workplaces or contexts. They benefit from the expertise of practitioners in the relevant sectors to cap- ture good industry practices and innovations. Sectoral codes of practice are not legally binding. They are not subject to ratification or supervisory mechanisms established vii Safety and health in opencast mines under the ILO’s international labour standards. Sectoral codes of practice can therefore be aspirational in scope and expand on principles laid down in international labour standards and other international agreements and policy, all the while recog- nizing that they can be adapted to different national systems and circumstances. As such, ILO standards and other tools or guidance adopted and endorsed by the International Labour Conference and/or the Governing Body form the foundation on which Sectoral codes of practice build further. It is therefore understood that Sectoral codes of practice are based on the full principles, rights, and obligations set out in international labour standards, and nothing set out in these codes of practice should be understood as lowering such standards. viii Contents Preface ............................................... v Sectoral codes of practice ............................ vii Abbreviations and definitions ....................... xix Introduction ......................................... 1 1. General provisions ................................. 3 1.1. Purpose . 3 1.2. Objectives .................................... 4 1.3. Application ................................... 5 1.4. Reference to other ILO instruments ............ 6 2. General duties ..................................... 7 2.1. Cooperation .................................. 7 2.2. Competent authority .......................... 7 2.2.1. General provisions ..................... 7 2.2.2. Inspectorates .......................... 10 2.3. Employers’ responsibilities and rights ........... 11 2.4. Workers’ rights and responsibilities ............. 15 2.5. General responsibilities of suppliers, manufacturers and designers ................... 17 2.6. General responsibilities and rights of contractors ................................. 18 3. Safety and health committees ...................... 21 3.1. Safety and health committees .................. 21 3.2. Industry tripartite committees ................. 21 ix Safety and health in opencast mines 4. Occupational safety and health management systems; reporting, recording and notification of work-related injuries and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences; occupational health services ........................................... 23 4.1. Introduction .................................. 23 4.2. OSH management systems ..................... 23 4.3. Reporting, recording and notification of work-related injuries and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences ............ 24 4.4. Occupational health services ................... 25 5. Hazard identification, risk assessment and control .. 27 5.1. General principles ............................. 27 5.2. Hazard identification .......................... 27 5.3. Risk assessment ............................... 28 5.4. Risk control .................................. 29 5.5. Evaluation .................................... 29 6. Management of change ............................ 31 6.1. Managing change ............................. 31 6.2. Non-routine work ............................. 31 7. Life-cycle approach ................................. 33 8. Emergency response plan ........................... 37 8.1. General emergency provisions .................. 37 8.2. Fire protection and firefighting ................. 39 8.2.1. General provisions ..................... 39 8.2.2. Precautions against fire ................. 40 8.2.3. Provision of fire protection .............. 40 x Contents 8.2.4. Firefighting and rescue ................