Journal of Eurasian Affairs ISSN 2307-8286 Volume 3, Number 1, 2015 FOUNDED IN 2013 BY International Social Movement “Eurasian Movement“ ISSUED BIANNUALLY EDITOR Leonid Savin LAY-OUT Vyacheslav Altukhov CORRECTOR Joaquin Flores COVER ART Sergey Zhigalkin http://www.eurasianaffairs.net [email protected] Tel. + 7 495 514 65 16 Fax +7 499 271 10 15 Russia 121087, Moscow, Bagrationovskiy proezd 7, buil. 20 “В“, office 405 Distributed worldwide by Center for Syncretic Studies [email protected] JOURNAL OF EURASIAN AFFAIRS Volume 3, Number 1, 2015 Advisory board Dr. Alexandr Dugin, Professor of the Moscow State University, Russia. Dr. Mikhail Fiodorov, Rector of the Ural State Economic University, Russia. Dr. Viktor Stepanyuk, Dean of the Dept. of international Relations and Political Sciences, Institute of International Relations, Moldova. Dr. Ilie Badescu, Director of the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, Romania. Dr. Jamal Wakim, Professor of International Relations at Lebanese International University, Lebanon. Dr. Christof Lehmann, Editor in Chief of the nsnbc international, Denmark. Dr. Guzel Maitdinova, Director of the Centre of Geopolitical Research of the Russian-Tajik Slavonic University, Tajikistan. Dr. Mateusz Piskorski, Director of the European Centre of Geopolitical Analysis, Poland. Dr. Alberto Buela, Professor of the Technical University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mahmoudreza Golshanpazhooh, PhD, Executive Editor of the Iran Review, Deputy of Research at Tehran International Studies & Research Institute, and Director of Human Rights at the Center for Strategic Studies, Iran. CONTEXT EURASIA IN THE WAR OF NETWORKS . 5 Alexander Dugin IT’S EURASIA INTEGRATION VS . EMPIRE OF CHAOS . 10 Pepe Escobar DREAMING OF AN EMPIRE . THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY IN THE WORLD . .15 Jamal Wakim THE FPÖ IS AGAINST CENTRALISM IN THE EU AND ADVOCATES A EUROPE OF FATHERLANDS . 30 Johann Gudenus RUSSIAN NATIONALISM AND EURASIANISM: THE IDEOLOGY OF RUSSIAN REGIONAL POWER AND THE REJECTION OF WESTERN VALUES . 32 Matthew Raphael Johnson LANGUAGE AND THE CHURCH: TWO PILLARS OF RUSSIAN SOFT POWER . 42 Leonid Savin SEEKING A MULTIPOLAR WORLD INSIDE THE QUITE UNIPOLAR INFORMATIONAL MEDIUM . 56 Roberto Quaglia TURMOIL IN THE BALKANS . 58 Slavisa Batko Milacic THE EURASIAN IDEA FROM A SWEDISH PERSPECTIVE . 61 Tommy Rydén IS MAHALLA AN EASTERN ANALOGUE TO WESTERN CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY? . 67 Saidbek Goziev THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE FOURTH POLITICAL THEORY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW . 73 Joaquin Flores EUROPE’S FUTURE: AT THE CROSSROADS OF EASTERN RELATIONS AND WESTERN FALL . 84 Márton Gyöngyösi THE FIGHT FOR UKRAINE AND THE FOURTH POLITICAL PARADIGM . .. 88 Orazio Maria Gnerre FINANCIAL SOVEREIGNTY AS THE PREREQUISITE FOR POLITICAL SOVEREIGNTY AND CULTURAL REGENERATION . 92 Kerry Bolton PESHAWAR ATTACK – THE EMPIRE STRIKES AGAIN . 99 Shelley Kasli, G Raja Sekhar WHAT MULTIPOLARITY MEANS TO ME . 105 Adam Lesak BOOK REVIEWS . 108 EDITORIAL The Journal of Eurasian Affairs is a new international journal founded by the Russian NGO International Social Movement “Eurasian Movement“. It is dedi- cated to different issues such as Eurasianism in its different aspects (from phi- losophy to integration process on post-Soviet space), geopolitics, international relations, war and peace studies, globalization, multipolarity and new emerging theories in fields of politics and humanitarian sciences. Because of its title covered themes are about processes in Eurasia, but not limit- ed by continental boundaries. Eurasia as an idea and Eurasianism as an outlook are international by it’s essence. In some sense the Journal of Eurasian Affairs is a interdisciplinary one where ideas cross from different schools, trends and sets that makes it a broad platform for discussion and forum for meetings of academic researchers, political activ- ists, philosophers, independent scholars, experts and decision makers. The red line of the Journal of Eurasian Affairs is a critical approach to (neo)liber- alism and its derivatives manifested in realpolitik as well as in large scale of ac- tivities dealing with the human being itself. The need to develop an alternative is the second task, put before the founders of the Journal and core thinkers of the “Eurasian Movement“. We believe that writers from all over the globe will join us for the development (and revival) of these kind of ideas that will promote and establish a new model of global affairs and of political systems paying respect to all nations, peoples, groups, beliefs, cultures and traditions. The Journal of Eurasian Affairs invites contributors to send articles, essays and reviews. Leonid Savin, Editor. EURASIA IN THE WAR OF NETWORKS Alexander Dugin The reason for writing this text was Vladimir Putin’s address to Russia’s Federal Assembly and the synchronized passage of the anti-Russian resolution 758 by the U.S. Congress. Commenting on the latter, Congressman Eliot Engel stated: “It’s time to recognize the fact that Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Putin Alexander Dugin is a threat to European security and to U.S. interests in the region.”1 Back in 2011, Professor of the Moscow State University, Hillary Clinton similarly proclaimed: “We are in an information war.2 In his ad- Doctor of political sciences, founder of the contemporary Russian school of dress, Putin stated: “Crimea, the ancient Korsun or Chersonesus, and Sevastopol Geopolitics, leader of the International have invaluable civilizational and even sacral importance for Russia, like the Social Movement “Eurasian Movement“, Temple Mount in Jerusalem for the followers of Islam and Judaism. And this is Moscow, Russian Federation. how we will always consider it.3 In other words, he declared a tough course for the revival of Russia’s sovereignty and continental power, as well as its sacred Orthodox identity. In response, the United States openly mentioned its informa- tion war against Russia: — [The House of Representatives] calls on the President and the United States Department of State to develop a strategy for multilateral coordination to pro- duce or otherwise procure and distribute news and information in the Russian language to countries with significant Russian-speaking populations which maximizes the use of existing platforms for content delivery such as the Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Incorporated, lever- ages indigenous public-private partnerships for content production, and seeks in-kind contributions from regional state governments; — calls on the United States Department of State to identify positions at key diplomatic posts in Europe to evaluate the political, economic, and cultural in- fluence of Russia and Russian state-sponsored media and to coordinate with host governments on appropriate responses;4 In reality, they have been carrying out this war against us for quite some time. But now it has reached a new level. Parallel to these developments, I have noticed an increase in direct attacks against Eurasianists and me, personally, as well as the broad network of those interacting with me in Russia and around the world in the recent months. The last straw was the hacked e-mail box of a member of the Eurasian Movement, which was followed by a flurry of publications in the Western mainstream media about the alleged Russian-agent network around the world. These supposed agents were referred to as the “Black International” for the purpose of discredi- tation. I believe that the time has come to make some clarifications and, at the same time, identify the next trajectory for our Eurasian strategy. 1 http://engel.house.gov/latest-news1/engel-remarks-condemning-russian-agg... 2 http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704495004576264880231253582 3 http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/23341 4 https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-resolution/758/text JOURNAL OF EURASIAN AFFAIRS Volume 3, Number 1, 2015 5 Eurasia in the War of Networks Alexander Dugin EURASIANISM AS AN ANTI-WESTERN IDEOLOGY NEO-EURASIANISM IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD Let me remind you of the pre-history. A group of neo-Eurasianists, led by me, has been re- storing and developing all these ideas as a comprehen- From the moment of its inception in the 1920s, sive worldview starting from the late 1980s. We have Eurasianism has always opposed the global domina- reestablished a significant portion of the ideological tion of the West, European universalism, and support- heritage left by the original Eurasianists, added geo- ed the uniqueness of the Russian civilization. Therefore, politics and Traditionalism, and applied them to the Eurasianism is, indeed, an anti-Western ideology in the political realities of the rapidly disintegrating USSR. sense that it rejects the Western society’s right to impose Like the first Eurasianists of the 1920s—writing in emi- its criteria of good and evil as the universal norm. Russia gration—we supported the transformation of the USSR is an independent Orthodox-Eurasian civilization, rather into the Eurasian Empire. These transformations were than the periphery of Europe, insisted Eurasianists, fol- supposed to involve preserving the entire space under lowing their ideological predecessors, the Slavophiles, unified strategic leadership, but changing the ideology along with other Russian conservatives. to Orthodoxy and Eurasianism. And just like the original Eurasianists, we were convinced that the Liberals and Gradually, Eurasianism was enriched with the meth- Westernizers are the worst enemy of the Russian idea ods of classic geopolitics that were based upon the (worse than Communists), and that they would tear dualism of the Land and Sea civilizations. Englishman Greater Russia (USSR) apart if they were to be in pow- Halford Mackinder introduced this concept in the first er. After all, they were part of the Atlanticist network. half of the twentieth century; it was further developed This was fully confirmed in due time: they did get into by American strategists such as Nicholas Spykman and power and did destroy it. And then they tried to break Zbigniew Brzezinski. Here, Russia serves as the core of up the Russian Federation.