Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment Amanda E. Bates a,*, Richard B. Primack b, Brandy S. Biggar a, Tomas J. Bird c, Mary E. Clinton a, Rylan J. Command d, Cerren Richards a, Marc Shellard e, Nathan R. Geraldi e, Valeria Vergara f, Orlando Acevedo-Charry g, Zuania Colon-Pi´ neiro~ h, David Ocampo g, Natalia Ocampo-Penuela~ i, * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (A.E. Bates), [email protected] (R.B. Primack), [email protected] (B.S. Biggar), [email protected] (T.J. Bird), [email protected] (M.E. Clinton), [email protected] (R.J. Command), [email protected] (C. Richards), [email protected] (M. Shellard), [email protected] (N.R. Geraldi), [email protected] (V. Vergara), [email protected] (O. Acevedo-Charry), [email protected] (Z. Colon-Pi´ neiro),~ [email protected] (D. Ocampo), [email protected] (N. Ocampo-Penuela),~ [email protected] (L.M. Sanchez-Clavijo),´ [email protected] (C.M. Adamescu), [email protected] (S. Cheval), [email protected] (T. Racoviceanu), md.adams@ utoronto.ca (M.D. Adams), [email protected] (E. Kalisa), [email protected] (V.Z. Kuuire), [email protected] (V. Aditya), pia.anderwald@ nationalpark.ch (P. Anderwald), [email protected] (S. Wiesmann), [email protected] (S. Wipf), [email protected] (G. Badihi), [email protected] (M.G. Henderson), [email protected] (H. Loetscher), [email protected] (K. Baerenfaller), lbenedetti@ biologia.unipi.it (L. Benedetti-Cecchi), [email protected] (F. Bulleri), [email protected] (I. Bertocci), [email protected] (E. Maggi), luca.rindi@ biologia.unipi.it (L. Rindi), [email protected] (C. Ravaglioli), [email protected] (K. Boerder), [email protected] (J. Bonnel), mathias. [email protected] (D. Mathias), [email protected] (P. Archambault), [email protected] (L. Chauvaud), [email protected] (C.D. Braun), [email protected] (S.R. Thorrold), [email protected] (J.W. Brownscombe), [email protected] (J.D. Midwood), [email protected] (C.M. Boston), [email protected] (J.L. Brooks), [email protected] (S.J. Cooke), [email protected] (V. China), [email protected] (U. Roll), [email protected] (J. Belmaker), [email protected] (A. Zvuloni), [email protected] (M. Coll), [email protected] (M. Ortega), [email protected] (B. Connors), [email protected] (L. Lacko), [email protected] (D.R.M. Jayathilake), [email protected] (M.J.S. Costello), [email protected] (T.M. Crimmins), [email protected] (L. Barnett), ellen@usanpn. org (E.G. Denny), [email protected] (K.L. Gerst), [email protected] (R.L. Marsh), [email protected] (E.E. Posthumus), [email protected] (R. Rodriguez), [email protected] (A. Rosemartin), [email protected] (S.N. Schaffer), [email protected] (J.R. Switzer), [email protected] (K. Wong), [email protected] (S.J. Cunningham), [email protected] (P. Sumasgutner), [email protected] (A. Amar), [email protected] (R.L. Thomson), [email protected] (M. Stofberg), [email protected] (S. Hofmeyr), [email protected] (J. Suri), [email protected] (R.D. Stuart-Smith), [email protected] (P.B. Day), [email protected] (G.J. Edgar), [email protected] (A.T. Cooper), [email protected] (F.C. De Leo), [email protected] (G. Garner), [email protected] (P.G. Des Brisay), [email protected] (M.B. Schrimpf), nicola.koper@ umanitoba.ca (N. Koper), [email protected] (M.S. Diamond), [email protected] (R.G. Dwyer), [email protected] (C.J. Baker), c.franklin@ uq.edu.au (C.E. Franklin), [email protected] (R. Efrat), [email protected] (O. Berger-Tal), [email protected] (O. Hatzofe), [email protected] (V.M. Eguíluz), [email protected] (J.P. Rodríguez), [email protected] (J. Fernandez-Gracia),´ [email protected] (D. Elustondo), [email protected] (V. Calatayud), [email protected] (P.A. English), [email protected] (S.K. Archer), [email protected] (S.E. Dudas), [email protected] (D.R. Haggarty), [email protected] (A.J. Gallagher), [email protected] (B.D. Shea), [email protected] (O.N. Shipley), [email protected] (B.L. Gilby), [email protected] (J. Ballantyne), [email protected] (A.D. Olds), chender1@ usc.edu.au (C.J. Henderson), [email protected] (T.A. Schlacher), [email protected] (W.D. Halliday), [email protected] (N.A.W. Brown), kenziee. [email protected] (M.B. Woods), [email protected] (S. Balshine), [email protected] (F. Juanes), [email protected] (M.J. Rider), p.albano@rsmas. miami.edu (P.S. Albano), [email protected] (N. Hammerschlag), [email protected] (G.C. Hays), [email protected] (N. Esteban), [email protected] (Y. Pan), [email protected] (G. He), [email protected] (T. Tanaka), [email protected] (M.J. Hensel), [email protected] (R.J. Orth), [email protected] (C.J. Patrick), [email protected] (J. Hentati-Sundberg), [email protected] (O. Olsson), [email protected] (M.L. Hessing- Lewis), [email protected] (N.D. Higgs), [email protected] (M.A. Hindell), [email protected] (C.R. McMahon), robert.harcourt@mq. edu.au (R. Harcourt), [email protected] (C. Guinet), [email protected] (S.E. Hirsch), [email protected] (J.R. Perrault), shoover@ marinelife.org (S.R. Hoover), [email protected] (J.D. Reilly), [email protected] (C. Hobaiter), [email protected] (T. Gruber), charlie. [email protected] (C. Huveneers), [email protected] (V. Udyawer), [email protected] (T.M. Clarke), [email protected] (L.P. Kroesen), [email protected] (D.S. Hik), [email protected] (S.G. Cherry), [email protected] (J.A. Del Bel Belluz), [email protected] (J.M. Jackson), [email protected] (S. Lai), [email protected] (C.T. Lamb), [email protected] (G.D. LeClair), [email protected] (J.R. Parmelee), [email protected] (M.W.H. Chatfield), [email protected] (C.A. Frederick), [email protected] (S. Lee), [email protected] (H. Park), [email protected] (J. Choi), [email protected] (F. LeTourneux), [email protected] (T. Grandmont), [email protected] (F.D. de-Broin), [email protected] (J. B^ety), [email protected] (G. Gauthier), [email protected]. ca (P. Legagneux) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175 Received 4 May 2021; Accepted 7 May 2021 A.E. Bates et al. Lina M. Sanchez-Clavijo´ i, Cristian M. Adamescu j, Sorin Cheval k, Tudor Racoviceanu j, Matthew D. Adams l, Egide Kalisa l, Vincent Z. Kuuire l, Vikram Aditya m, Pia Anderwald n, Samuel Wiesmann n, Sonja Wipf n, Gal Badihi o, Matthew G. Henderson o, Hanspeter Loetscher p, Katja Baerenfaller q, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi r, Fabio Bulleri r, Iacopo Bertocci r, Elena Maggi r, Luca Rindi r, Chiara Ravaglioli r, Kristina Boerder s, Julien Bonnel t, Delphine Mathias u, Philippe Archambault v, Laurent Chauvaud w, Camrin D. Braun x, Simon R. Thorrold x, Jacob W. Brownscombe y, Jonathan D. Midwood y, Christine M. Boston y, Jill L. Brooks z, Steven J. Cooke z, Victor China aa, Uri Roll aa, Jonathan Belmaker ab,fr, Assaf Zvuloni ac, Marta Coll ad, Miquel Ortega ae, Brendan Connors af, Lisa Lacko af, Dinusha R.M. Jayathilake ag, Marc J.S. Costello ah, Theresa M. Crimmins ai, LoriAnne Barnett ai, Ellen G. Denny ai, Katharine L. Gerst ai, R.L. Marsh ai, Erin E. Posthumus ai, Reilly Rodriguez ai, Alyssa Rosemartin ai, Sara N. Schaffer ai, Jeff R. Switzer ai, Kevin Wong ai, Susan J. Cunningham aj, Petra Sumasgutner ak, Arjun Amar aj, Robert L. Thomson aj, Miqkayla Stofberg aj, Sally Hofmeyr aj, Jessleena Suri aj, Rick D. Stuart-Smith al, Paul B. Day am, Graham J. Edgar al, Antonia T. Cooper al, Fabio Cabrera De Leo an,ao, Grant Garner ao, Paulson G. Des Brisay ap, Michael B. Schrimpf aq, Nicola Koper aq, Michael S. Diamond ar, Ross G. Dwyer as, Cameron J. Baker at, Craig E. Franklin at, Ron Efrat aa, Oded Berger-Tal aa, Ohad Hatzofe au, [email protected] (J.S. Lewis), [email protected] (J. Haight), [email protected] (Z. Liu), [email protected] (J.P. Lyon), [email protected]. gov.au (R. Hale), [email protected] (D. D’Silva), [email protected](I. MacGregor-Fors), [email protected] (E. Arbelaez-Cort´ ´es), felipe. [email protected] (F.A. Estela), [email protected] (C.E. Sanchez-Sarria),´ [email protected] (M. García-Arroyo), giannkas1@ gmail.com (G.K. Aguirre-Samboní), [email protected] (J.C. Franco Morales), [email protected] (S. Malamud), [email protected] (T. Gavriel), [email protected] (Y. Buba), [email protected] (S. Salingr´e), [email protected] (M. Lazarus), [email protected] (R. Yahel), [email protected] (Y.B. Ari), [email protected] (E. Miller), [email protected] (R.