United States In cooperation Department of with Texas Soil Survey of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station Jefferson and Natural Resources Conservation Orange Counties, Service Texas i How To Use This Soil Survey General Soil Map The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area. Detailed Soil Maps The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Click the mouse on the number of the map sheet, the link will take you to that sheet. Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Go to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. ii This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1996. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Coastal, Lower Sabine-Neches, and part of the Trinity Bay Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 795-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover: Small ponds are scattered throughout the coastal marshlands of Jefferson and Orange Counties, and are used extensively by wildlife. The soil is Creole mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal. Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov iii Contents How to Use This Survey ......................................................................... i Foreword................................................................................................ix General Nature of the Survey Area .......................................................... 1 History and Development of Jefferson County, Texas......................... 2 History and Development of Orange County, Texas............................ 4 Agriculture.......................................................................................... 6 Natural Resources.............................................................................. 6 Climate............................................................................................... 6 How This Survey Was Made.................................................................... 7 General Soil Map Units.......................................................................... 9 1. League-Beaumont-China............................................................... 9 2. Labelle-Morey-Meaton ................................................................. 11 3. Leerco-Zummo-Caplen................................................................ 12 4. Texla-Evadale.............................................................................. 14 5. Orcadia-Aris................................................................................. 15 6. Bancker-Creole-Veston................................................................ 16 7. Anahuac-Aris-Leton ..................................................................... 18 8. Ijam-Neel-Neches........................................................................ 20 9. Estes-Fausse............................................................................... 21 10. Craigen-Mollco ............................................................................ 22 11. Camptown-Spurger-Bienville........................................................ 24 12. Franeau-Harris ............................................................................ 25 13. Vamont-Bevil ............................................................................... 27 14. Barbary........................................................................................ 28 15. Sabine-Baines ............................................................................. 29 Detailed Soil Map Units ....................................................................... 31 AmA—Allemands mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 32 AnA—Anahuac very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.............. 33 AsA—Anahuac-Aris complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes.......................... 35 AuA—Anahuac-Urban land complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............. 38 BaA—Bancker mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 40 BbA—Barbary mucky clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ....................................................................... 42 BcA—Barnett mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 44 BeA—Barnett silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 46 Bh—Beaches, very frequently flooded, tidal...................................... 47 BmA—Beaumont clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes .................................... 49 BnA—Bevil clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ............................................. 51 BsB—Bienville loamy fine sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...................... 52 BtA—Bienville-Camptown complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes ................ 55 BwA—Bleakwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ....................................................................... 57 iv Soil Survey of CaA—Camptown silt loam, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes ................ 59 CeA—Caplen mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 61 ChA—China clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes............................................ 62 CrA—Craigen loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................... 64 CsA—Creole mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 66 EsA—Estes clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ....................................................................... 67 EvA—Evadale silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes .................................. 69 FaA—Fausse clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ....................................................................... 71 FrA—Franeau clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, tidal ........................................................... 73 HaA—Harris clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 75 ImA—Ijam clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, tidal............................................................... 76 LaA—Labelle silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes.................................... 78 LbA—Labelle-Anahuac complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes..................... 80 LcA—Labelle-Aris complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes ............................ 83 LdA—Labelle-Levac complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes ......................... 85 LeA—Labelle-Urban land complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes ................. 89 LmA—Larose mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ......................................................................