University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Haskayne School of Business Haskayne School of Business Research & Publications 2017-05 An Accounting Model for Social Sustainability Ambrosie, Linda M. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51982 working paper http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Attribution No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca An Accounting Model for Social Sustainability The Case of the Banff-Canmore Corridor Linda M. Ambrosie, PhD, CPA Please cite as Ambrosie, L. M. (2017). An Accounting Model for Social Sustainability. The Case of the Banff - Canmore Corridor. Calgary, AB. Working Paper, p. 113 Email for communication: [email protected] May, 2017 Ambrosie, FINAL May, 2017 Contents Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................. iv An Accounting Model for Social Sustainability: ............................................................... 5 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 5 Defining Social Sustainability................................................................................ 5 Model and Measures of Social Sustainability ......................................................... 6 The Banff-Canmore (BCC) Case Study and Results .............................................. 8 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 10 An Accounting Model for Social Sustainability: ............................................................. 11 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 13 Social Sustainability Definition and Model .......................................................... 13 Sustainability ................................................................................................... 13 Social Sustainability ......................................................................................... 14 Model and Measures ........................................................................................ 16 Proxy Assets to Social Cohesion Improvement (increased Social Sustainability) .................................................................................................................................... 19 Proxy Liabilities that Deplete to Social Cohesion (decreased Social Sustainability) ............................................................................................................. 24 Assessment of Sustainability Models ................................................................... 31 Different monitoring systems of Social Sustainability. ..................................... 32 Balance Sheet approach to Social Sustainability monitoring ............................ 35 Model Accounts for Community Social Sustainability ..................................... 36 Monetization of Measures ................................................................................ 37 Social Sustainability and the Banff-Canmore Corridor (BCC) ..................................... 38 1. Geography: Spatial and Demographic Limits .............................................. 39 2. Data Measures and Monetization ................................................................ 43 3. Balance Sheets and Notes to the Balance Sheet: The Banff-Canmore Corridor Case Study ........................................................................................................ 47 i Ambrosie, FINAL May, 2017 4. Triangulation of Results: - Stakeholder Consultation through Interviews, Survey and Focus Groups ............................................................................................... 52 Discussion and Conclusion: The BCC’s Balance Sheets and their interpretation ........ 53 Data Availability .................................................................................................. 53 The Model ........................................................................................................... 54 Missing from the current study ............................................................................ 55 Future avenues for research ................................................................................. 56 References ......................................................................................................................... 57 Appendices ........................................................................................................................ 68 Appendix A: Statistics Canada Geographic Codes and Alberta Information ........ 68 Appendix B: Data Collection for Balance Sheet Years 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016, and Data Sources ................................................................................................... 70 Appendix C: Potential Survey Instruments and Questions ................................... 74 CASE STUDY: Social Sustainability of Canada's Communities:..................................... - 1 - BANFF-CANMORE CORRIDOR BACKGROUND ........................................ - 2 - GOVERNING THE BANFF-CANMORE CORRIDOR (BCC) – Addressing housing, wages and addictions. .................................................................................... - 3 - Housing and tenure for permanent and seasonal workers .............................. - 4 - Education and Income ................................................................................... - 5 - Local Wages and Hospitality ......................................................................... - 6 - Volunteerism ................................................................................................. - 9 - MAINTAINING COMMUNITY WEALTH – What to monitor and measure? . - 11 - REFERENCES ................................................................................................ - 12 - GROUP WORKSHEET: OVER TIME What to Measure? How to Monitor? How to Monetize? ................................................................................................................... 17 APPENDIX I – Tourist Visitation, Population and Dwelling Construction .......... 18 APPENDIX II – Housing and Income .................................................................. 19 ii Ambrosie, FINAL May, 2017 APPENDIX III – Education and Annual Income ................................................. 22 APPENDIX IV – Financial Insecurity: Debt ........................................................ 23 APPENDIX V – Economic Insecurity: Hourly Wages and Unemployment .......... 24 APPENDIX VI – Physical Insecurity: Self-Inflicted (Drugs and Suicide), Interpersonal (Domestic Abuse) and Property ................................................................. 27 APPENDIX VII - Volunteerism ........................................................................... 30 APPENDIX VIII – The Banff-Canmore Corridor Lodging Industry .................... 31 APPENDIX IX – Monetization of Assets and Depletion (Current Dollars) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) ........................................................................................... 33 CASE STUDY TEACHING GUIDE ................................................................................ 34 iii Ambrosie, FINAL May, 2017 Figures and Tables Figures: Figure 1: Model of Assets on Social Sustainability.................................................. 19 Figure 2: Model of Depletion of Social Sustainability ............................................. 24 Figure 3: Canada Household Principal on Debt 1990 - 2014.................................... 26 Figure 4: Outline of a full Balance Sheet to measure Natural, Social-Economic and Economic Sustainability ..................................................................................................... 35 Figure 5: Federal Electoral District 49 Banff-Cochrane ........................................... 40 Figure 6: Economic Region No. 4840 Banff, Jasper, Rocky Mountain House ......... 40 Figure 7: Census Division 48 15 Banff, Jasper and Kananaskis ............................... 41 Figure 8: Banff Census Subdivision 48 15 032 ........................................................ 42 Figure 9: Canmore Census Agglomeration 48 15 015 .............................................. 42 Figure 10: Banff-Canmore Corridor ........................................................................ 43 Figure 11: Map of the Calgary Health Region with Banff and Canmore. ................. 45 Tables: Table 1: Community Social Sustainability Accounts and Measures ......................... 36 Table 2: Community Social Sustainability Accounts and Monetization ................... 38 Table 3: Key Data Sources and Available Year ....................................................... 44 Table 4: Canmore Preliminary Social Sustainability Balance Sheet 2011 ................ 47 Table 5: Banff Preliminary Social Sustainability Balance Sheet 2011 ..................... 50 iv Ambrosie, FINAL May, 2017 An Accounting Model for Social Sustainability: The Case of the Banff-Canmore Corridor By Linda M. Ambrosie, PhD, CPA Executive Summary Sustainability is commonly defined as the integration of economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This