Scenario of White Rust in Major Rapeseed-Mustard Growing Districts of Madhya Pradesh

Scenario of White Rust in Major Rapeseed-Mustard Growing Districts of Madhya Pradesh

Trends2928 in Biosciences 11(20), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 2928-2932, in Biosciences 2018 11 (20), 2018 Scenario of White Rust in Major Rapeseed-Mustard Growing Districts of Madhya Pradesh RAVI YADAV, R.K. PANDYA, AJAY KAURAV AND BHAGYASHEE SINGH Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh email: [email protected]. ABSTRACT to 45.7 per cent. The area, production and productivity of White rust caused by Albugo candida (pers.) Kunze, rapeseed-mustard in the country was 5.8 million ha, 6.3 is one of the major biotic constraint of Rapeseed- million tonnes and 1083kg/ha, respectively (Anon. 2016). Out of these the most important is Indian mustard mustard specially Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) enlisted in Madhya Pradesh. The survey was carried-out occupying more than 80% of the total rapeseed-mustard cultivated area of the country. Major mustard growing states to find out the status of white rust in the Rapeseed-mustard of the country are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, growing region of the state. A well-planned village and block-wise field survey were carried-out in rapeseed- Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. B. junceais mustard growing district viz. Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, the most important oilseed crop of Northern Madhya Pradesh comprising Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, Sheopur and Sheopur and Datia during December to March 2016-17 and 2017-18. For such survey four villages from each Datia districts contributing more than 80% share in the block of the district was be randomly selected and from production of this crop in the state. each village five fields were randomly selected. From each The pathogen A. candida is an economically selected field the observation on percent diseases intensity important oomycetes pathogen of cruciferous species. of A. candida was taken on five randomly selected Albugo candida (pers.) Kunze, an obligate parasites and 1M2quardate. The maximum disease intensity of white rust air borne pathogen. Mycelium of Albugo candida is was recorded in Morena (36.26%) followed by Bhind intercellular and feeds by haustoria. This pathogen survives (32.79%), Gwalior (29.57%) and Sheopur (29.46%) while by of oospores in diseased plant debris and in the soil for the minimum disease intensity was recorded in Datia more than 20 years. Gupta et al, (2004) These diseases (19.76%). cause severe losses, both qualitative and quantative in north west-India. (Kolte, 1985; Saharan et al. 1997.) In India, Key word Albugo candida, Indian mustard, Survey it causes annual yield losses of 17-34% in rapeseed-mustard with block and district-wise. (Yadava et al. 2011; Pandey et al., 2013). The disease is characterized by both local and systemic symptom Rapeseed-mustard group of crops are the major rabi expression. oilseed crops of India. The group is mainly constituted by In Northern Madhya Pradesh, the disease appears in Brassica juncea (L.) B. napus (L.) B. rapa (L.) Czern and moderate to severe from depending upon the Coss and B. carinata Braun.These four species of Brassica genotypes and climatic conditions. Hence there is a need commonly known as Indian mustard is being grown mainly to find out extent of white rust intensity in major rapeseed- as source of vegetable oil. Oil content varies between 28.6 mustard growing area of the state, apart from this the Table 1. List of surveyed districts of northern region of Madhya Pradesh. Districts Blocks Bhind Morena Gwalior Datia Sheopur 1 Bhind Morena Ghatigoan Datia Sheopur 2 Gohad Ambah Bhitarwar Bhander Vijaypur 3 Lahar Porsa Dabara Seondha Karahal 4 Mehgoan Joura Morar 5 Atair Kailaras 6 Mihona Sabalgarh 7 Pahadgard YADAV et al., Scenario of White Rust in Major Rapeseed-Mustard Growing Districts of Madhya Pradesh 2929 Table 2. Survey of white rust of mustard during 2015-16 and 2016-17 in different blocks of five surveyed districts. District Per cent disease incidence Pooled Mean Block 2016-17 2017-18 Bhind 40.95 37.5 39.22 Gohad 32.95 35.62 34.28 Bhind Lahar 24.97 31.40 28.18 Mehgoan 31.2 24.65 27.92 Atair 32.52 38.00 35.26 Mihona 30.95 32.85 31.9 Mean 32.25 33.33 32.79 Morena 32.40 38.52 35.46 Ambah 23.15 32.40 27.77 Morena Porsa 30.52 32.65 31.58 Joura 49.05 47.72 48.38 Kailaras 44.39 47.27 45.83 Sabalgarh 30.50 29.00 29.75 Pahadgard 35.50 34.52 35.01 Mean 35.07 37.44 36.26 Datia 20.00 17.87 18.93 Datia Sewda 21.00 19.07 20.03 Bhander 18.85 21.75 20.30 Mean 19.95 19.56 19.76 Ghatigoan 36.17 35.17 35.67 Gwalior Bhitarwar 20.30 24.52 22.41 Dabara 21.85 32.32 27.08 Morar 33.95 32.30 33.12 Mean 28.07 31.08 29.57 Sheopur 34.20 29.40 31.80 Sheopur Vijaypur 36.00 37.52 36.76 Karahal 21.70 17.95 19.82 Mean 30.63 28.29 29.46 Total Mean 29.17 29.93 29.55 epidemiological studies and evaluation of Brassica material mustard growing districts of Madhya Pradesh viz., Morena, is also essential to find out suitable disease resistant material Bhind, Gwalior, Sheopur and Datia and presented in Table1 for the region. to find out the percent diseases Intensity of A. candida MATERIAL AND METHODS during December to March 2016-17 and 2017-18. Four hundred sixty (460) mustard fields were surveyed of The field survey was carried out in major rapeseed 2930 Trends in Biosciences 11 (20), 2018 Table 3. Survey of white rust of mustard during 2016-17 and 2017-18 in different districts of Madhya Pradesh. S.No. District Per cent Disease Incidence Mean 2016-17 2017-18 01 Bhind 32.25 33.33 32.79 02 Morena 35.07 37.44 36.26 03 Datia 19.95 19.56 19.76 04 Gwalior 28.07 31.08 29.57 05 Sheopur 30.63 28.29 29.46 Mean 29.17 29.93 29.55 northern Madhya Pradesh in December-January 2016-17 Sum of total numerical rating X 100 and 2017-18 at vegetative stage of the crop. The rapeseed ——————————— ————— mustard fields of five districts viz. Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, Total no. of observation max.grade Sheopur and Datia was be surveyed to find out the percent diseases intensity of A. candida on cultivated field. For RESULT AND DISCUSSION such survey four villages from each block ofthe district A total of twenty-three blocks from five districts of was be randomly selected and from each village five fields Northern Madhya Pradesh viz. Morena, Bhind, Sheopur, were randomly selected. From each selected field the Gwalior and Datia where surveyed during 2015-16 and 16- observation on percent diseases intensity of A. candida 17, to find out the intensity of white rust in region. The data was taken on five randomly selected 1M2quardate. The summarized in the table 4.1 reveals that the block-wise the percent disease index (PDI) will be calculated as per the maximum intensity of white rust during 2016-17, was following formula by using 0-9 scale. recorded in Joura block of Morena district (49.05%) followed The intensity will be calculated with the help of PDI. by Kailaras (44.39%), Bhind (40.95%), Ghatigoan (36.17%), Fig. 1. Block-wise intensity of white rust of rapeseed-mustard durig2016-17 and 2017-18. YADAV et al., Scenario of White Rust in Major Rapeseed-Mustard Growing Districts of Madhya Pradesh 2931 Fig. 2. Survey of white rust infected rapeseed-mustard in Northern Madhya Pradesh during 2016-17and 2017-18. the table 4.2 reveals that the maximum intensity of the Vijaypur (36.00%), Pahadgard (35.50%), Sheopur (34.20%), disease was recorded in Morena (36.26%) followed by Bhind Morar (33.95%), Gohad (32.95%), Atair (32.52%), Morena (32.79%), Gwalior (29.97%) and Sheopur (29.46%) while the (32.40%), Mehgoan (31.20%), Mihona (30.95%), Porsa minimum disease intensity was recorded in Datia (19.76%). (30.52%), Sabalgard (30.50%), Lahar (24.97%), Ambah The white rust intensity in Morena during 2016-17, 2017-18 (23.15%), Dabara (21.85%), Karahal (21.70%), Sewda and in two years pooled mean was 35.07%, 37.44% and (21.00%), Bhitarwar (20.30%) and Datia (20.00%). While the 36.26% respectively. In Bhind district 32.25%, 33.33% and minimum PDI (18.85%) was recorded in Bhander block of 32.79% PDI was recorded in 2016-17, 2017-18 and in two Datia. During 2017-18, the maximum intensity of the disease years pooled mean respectively. In Gwalior the white rust was recorded in Joura (47.72%) followed by Kailaras PDI during 2016-17, 2017-18 and in two years pooled mean (47.27%), Morena (38.52%), Atair (38.00%), Vijaypur was 28.07%, 31.08% and 29.57% respectively. In Sheopur (37.52%), Bhind (37.50%), Gohad (35.62%), Ghatigoan district 30.63%, 28.29% and 29.46% PDI was recorded in (35.17%), Pahadgard (34.52%), Mihona (32.85%), Porsa 2016-17, 2017-18 and in two years pooled respectively. The (32.65%), Ambah (32.40%), Dabara (32.32%), Morar least sensitive district Datia showed 19.95%, 19.56% and (32.30%), Lahar (31.40%), Sheopur (29.40%), Sabalgard 19.76% PDI during 2016-17, 2017-18 and two years pooled (29.00%), Mahgoan (24.65%), Bhitarwar (24.52%), Bhander mean (Fig.2). (27.75%), Sewda (19.07%) and Karahal (17.95%).

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