Four new Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) from caves in China Sergei I. GOLOVATCH Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071 (Russia) [email protected] Jean-Jacques GEOFFROY Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, USM 306 Réseaux trophiques du Sol, 4 avenue du Petit Château, F-91800 Brunoy (France) [email protected] Jean-Paul MAURIÈS Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, USM 602 Taxonomie et Collections, case postale 53, 61 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Golovatch S. I., Geoffroy J.-J. & Mauriès J.-P. 2006. — Four new Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) from caves in China. Zoosystema 28 (1) : 75-92. ABSTRACT Four new chordeumatid millipedes are described from southern Chinese caves. Two of these, Nepalella grandis n. sp. (troglobite) and N. marmorata n. sp. (troglophile), belong to the Oriental genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 (Megalotyli- dae). They differ from congeners and each other in leg and gonopod structure, as well as the very large body size (N. grandis n. sp.) and male leg papillation (N. marmorata n. sp.). A key is given to all 22 currently known species of this genus. A further two are troglobites, placed in the new genus Lipseuma n. gen. KEY WORDS (Kashmireumatidae): Lipseuma josianae n. gen., n. sp. (type species) and Lip- Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, seuma bernardi n. gen., n. sp. Both differ in body size, as well as certain details subterranean biology, of leg and gonopod structure. Although the new genus shows particularly cave, simple anterior and posterior gonopods, it is considered more advanced than China, new genus, the remaining two kashmireumatid genera, Kashmireuma Mauriès, 1982 and new species. Vieteuma Golovatch, 1984. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2006 • 28 (1) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 75 Golovatch S. I. et al. RÉSUMÉ Quatre nouveaux Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) de grottes de Chine. Quatre nouvelles espèces de diplopodes chordeumatides sont décrits de grottes du sud de la Chine. Deux d’entre elles, Nepalella grandis n. sp. (troglobie) et N. marmorata n. sp. (troglophile), appartiennent au genre oriental Nepalella Shear, 1979 (Megalotylidae). Elles diffèrent entre elles et de leurs congénères par la structure morpho-anatomique des pattes et des gonopodes, ainsi que, pour l’une, par la très grande taille (N. grandis n. sp.) et, pour l’autre, par la présence de papilles sur les pattes des mâles (N. marmorata n. sp.). La description des nouvelles espèces est accompagnée d’une clé d’identification des 22 espèces constituant actuellement le genre. Deux autres espèces troglobies sont placées dans un genre nouveau, Lipseuma n. gen. (Kashmireumatidae) : Lipseuma josia- MOTS CLÉS nae n. gen., n. sp. (espèce type) et L. bernardi n. gen., n. sp. Toutes les deux se Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, distinguent par la taille du corps, de même que par certains détails structuraux biologie souterraine, des pattes et des gonopodes. Bien que le nouveau genre soit caractérisé par des grotte, gonopodes antérieurs et postérieurs particulièrement simples, il est ici considéré Chine, nouveau genre, comme plus évolué que les deux autres genres de la famille Kashmireumatidae, espèces nouvelles. Kashmireuma Mauriès, 1982 and Vieteuma Golovatch, 1984. INTRODUCTION Secondly, Wang & Zhang (1993a) described seven species in four genera, all from Yunnan caves, and As noted recently elsewhere (Geoffroy & Golovatch all placed in a new family, Paracortinidae. This 2004), China is perhaps the last great terra incognita family continues to be recognized as valid, but the for millipedes. The Chinese diplopod fauna as cur- number of genera has since been reduced to one rently known comprises only 160 species (Wang (Shear et al. 2003). Stoev (2004) has described a new & Mauriès 1996), whereas at least several times as troglobitic species of Paracortina Wang & Zhang, many can be expected to occur there. 1993 from two adjacent caves in southern Yunnan. Because collections of cavernicolous Diplopoda Even more recently, the family Paracortinidae has from China have only relatively recently become been reviewed (Stoev & Geoffroy 2004), including available for study, only a small number of cave- the description of two cave-dwelling species from dwelling millipede species have hitherto been re- Yunnan, China and Thanh Hoa, Vietnam. corded there. Although a fresh, but brief, review As regards the Polydesmida in Chinese caves, of the Chinese cavernicolous millipedes is available these concern three families, namely Polydesmidae, (Chen et al. 2003), it does not emphasize that the Doratodesmidae and Paradoxosomatidae, although limited number of such diplopods known include the existing collections also contain several species some very unusual higher taxa. These are especially of Opisotretidae. Loksa (1960) described not only remarkable in the order Callipodida. Firstly, Zhang two new monotypic genera of Cambalopsidae (1993) described Sinocallipus simplipodicus from a (order Spirostreptida) – although both were later cave in Yunnan, and proposed the monobasic fam- synonymized (Mauriès & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin ily Sinocallipodidae. A very similar species, if not 1997) – but also two polydesmidan species. One of the same, has since been encountered epigeically in these is currently referred to as Pacidesmus sinensis Laos and is now considered to represent a subor- (Golovatch & Hoffman, 1989) (Polydesmidae) der of its own, Sinocallipodidea, the basalmost in (Golovatch & Hoffman 1989; Golovatch 1991) the order (Shear et al. 2003; Stoev unpubl. data). and the other as Desmoxytes longispina (Loksa, 1960) 76 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2006 • 28 (1) New Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) from China (Paradoxosomatidae) (Golovatch & Enghoff 1994), expeditions to southern China. Four new species both from Guizhou Province and both troglophilic. have been found, all of which are described below. More recently, Zhang & Chen (1983) then Chen Furthermore, because two of these species prove to & Zhang (1990) described two new species of the represent a new genus in a family which is among genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 (Polydesmidae), the basalmost in the Chordeumatida, this invites each from a cave in Guizhou and Zhejiang provinces. some evolutionary considerations. Three remarkable new monotypic genera of the Nearly all type material is housed in the MNHN, family Doratodesmidae have been obtained from Collection Myriapodes (MNHN, with respective Yunnan caves (Wang & Zhang 1993b). Finally, entry number); a single paratype has been deposited three new Epanerchodus, including two presumed in the ZMUM. troglobites, and one new, presumably troglophilic The descriptions below follow the format recently species of Usbekodesmus Lohmander, 1933, have proposed by Spelda (2001), with slight modifica- just been described from caves in southern China tions by Golovatch & Wytwer (2003). by Geoffroy & Golovatch (2004). The first representatives of the millipede order Chordeumatida have only recently been recorded SYSTEMATICS in China, with two of the seven currently known species being cavernicoles in the southern part of Family MEGALOTYLIDAE Golovatch the country (Mauriès & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin in Golovatch & Mikhaljova, 1978 1997; Shear 1999, 2002). These are Vieteuma Genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 hubeiense (nom. emend. pro hubeiensis) Mauriès & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1997 and Nepalella caeca Nepalella marmorata n. sp. Shear, 1999, both presumed troglobites (Chen et (Figs 1A-C; 2; 3A, B) al. 2003). TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: China, Sichuan Prov., Xin ABBREVIATIONS Long County, Snake Mouth Cave, No. 389, 5.VIII.1999, CIX macrochaetal index (distance between ex- leg. J. & B. Lips, ♂ (MNHN DB21). Paratypes: same terior and median macrochaetae divided locality, 1 ♂ (MNHN DB21); 1 ♂ (ZMUM). by distance between interior and median macrochaetae); ETYMOLOGY. — To emphasize the prevailing marbled, MA macrochaetal angle (formed between the arm brown coloration. from the median and exterior macrochaetae DIAGNOSIS and that between the median and interior . — Differs from congeners by peculiar male macrochaetae); tarsal papillation, as well as certain details of leg and MIX median index (distance between interior gonopod structure. macrochaeta and axial suture divided by distance between interior and median macro- DESCRIPTION chaetae); Length c. 32 mm, maximum width 2.8 mm. Col- MNHN Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; oration rather pale brown, largely marbled; head, PIX paratergal index; antennae (except for a pallid tip), dorsum and ZMUM Zoological Museum, State University of Moscow. metazona below paraterga being slightly darker brown, pattern becoming somewhat annulate. Legs usually paler. Eye patches blackish. MATERIAL AND METHODS Head width = segment 4 >> collum > segment 2 > 3 < 5 < 6 = 20 < 7; after segment 20 or 21, body The present paper treats the collection of Chor- very gradually tapering toward telson. deumatida taken by Josiane and Bernard Lips Body with 30 segments (29 pleurotergites, or rings, (Villeurbanne, France) and their collaborators in in terms of Enghoff et al. 1993). Head densely se- 1999, during one of their numerous speleological tose, clypeolabral region slightly convex. Eye patches ZOOSYSTEMA • 2006 • 28 (1) 77 Golovatch S. I. et al. A B C A-D, F D F E G FIG. 1. — A-C, Nepalella marmorata n. sp., paratype ♂; D-F, N. grandis n. sp., paratype ♂; G, N. grandis n. sp., paratype ♀; A, D, anterior