ISSN 1308-5301 Print ISSN 1308-8084 Online Biological Diversity and Conservation CİLT / VOLUME 3 SAYI / NUMBER 1 NİSAN / APRIL 2010 Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma Üzerine Yayın Yapan Hakemli Uluslararası Bir Dergidir An International Journal is About Biological Diversity and Conservation With Refree BioDiCon Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma Biological Diversity and Conservation Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma Üzerine Yayın Yapan Hakemli Uluslararası Bir Dergidir An International Journal is About Biological Diversity and Conservation With Refree Cilt / Volume 3, Sayı / Number 1, Nisan/April 2010 Editör / Editor-in-Chief: Ersin YÜCEL ISSN 1308-5301 Print ISSN 1308-8084 Online Açıklama Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma/Biological Diversity and Conservation, biyolojik çeşitlilik, koruma, biyoteknoloji, çevre düzenleme, tehlike altındaki türler, tehlike altındaki habitatlar, sistematik, vejetasyon, ekoloji, biyocoğrafya, genetik, bitkiler, hayvanlar ve mikroorganizmalar arasındaki ilişkileri konu alan orijinal makaleleri yayınlar. Tanımlayıcı ve sonuçları net olarak belirlenmiş deneysel çalışmalar kabul edilir. Türkçe veya Đngilizce yazılmış makaleler kabul edilir. Bu dergi yılda üç sayı yayınlanır. Yayınlanma yeri Türkiye’dir. Dergi hakkında daha ayrıntılı bilgiye ve yayınlanan makalelere “http:// www.biodicon.com” adresinden ulaşabilir. Description Biological Diversity and Conservation / Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma publishes originale articles on biological diversity, conservation, biotechnology, environmental management, threatened of species, threatened of habitats, systematics, vegetation science, the ecology, biogeography, genetics and interactions between plants and animals or microorganisms. Descriptive and experimental studies which are provided that clear research questions are addressed both acceptable. Manuscripts in English or in Turkish languages are welcome. The original and all reproductions of the manuscripts must be legible. This journal are published triannullay. Printed in Turkey. This journal is available online at http:// www.biodicon.com. Dergiyi tarayan veri tabanları / Abstracted-Indexed in DOAJ-Directory of Open Access Journals; Buscador de Archives; Dayang Journal System; EBSCO Publishing's databases; Google Scholar; HealthHaven; HKU Scholars Hub.; ICAAP-database; Journal Directory; Index Copernicus; News-of-Science; OhioLINK Databases-OPC4-Online- Katalog der Bibliothek der Fachhochschule Anhalt; Online-Katalog der UB Clausthal; Paper Search Engine; ProQest-Central To Rechearch Araund The World; Thomson Reuters; Ulakbim; ULRICH’S-The Global Source for Periodicals Kütüphaneler / Libraries Electronic Journals Library EZB; Feng Chia University Library; GAZĐ; HEC-National Digital Library; Libros PDF; National ILAN University Library; Shih Hsin University Library; Smithsonian Institution Libraries; The Ohio Library and Information NetWork; Vaughan Memorial Library Index Copernicus International, IC Value – Current = 4.83 (2009) Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma/Biological Diversity and Conservation ISSN 1308-5301 Print; ISSN 1308-8084 Online © Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma 2008 / Biological Diversity and Conservation 2008 Sahibi / Publisher : Ersin YÜCEL Bu dergi yılda üç sayı yayınlanır. Yayınlanma yeri Eskişehir/Türkiye’dir. / This journal is published three numbers in a year. Printed in Eskişehir/Turkey. Dergide yayınlanan makalelerin her türlü sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir / All sorts of responsibilities of the articles published in this journal are belonging to the authors Editör / Editor-In-Chief : Prof.Dr. Ersin YÜCEL Yayın Kurulu / Editorial Board Haider Abbas, Karachi (Pakistan) Ahmet Aksoy, Kayseri (Turkey) Halil Solak, Ula/ Muğla (Turkey) Ahmet Aksoy, Kayseri (Turkey) Hamdi Güray Kutbay, Samsun (Turkey) Cheruth Abdul Jaleel, Al-Ain (United Arab Emirates) Hasan Akan, Şanlıurfa (Turkey) Ali Dönmez, Ankara (Turkey) Hulusi Malyer, Bursa (Turkey) Anne Bülow-Olsen, Virum (Denmark) Hüseyin Dural, Konya (Turkey) Atilla Ocak, Eskişehir (Turkey) Đlkin Yücel Şengün, Đzmir (Turkey) Cemil Ata, Đstanbul (Turkey) Đsmail Kocaçalışkan, Kütahya (Turkey) Hakan Ulukan, Ankara (Turkey) Đsmet Uysal, Çanakkale (Turkey) Ignacy Kitowski, Lublin (Poland) Kadir Boğaç Kunt, Ankara (Turkey) Iqrar Ahmad Khan, Faisalabad (Pakistan) Kemal Yıldız, Manisa (Turkey) Ivan Genov, Burgas (Bulgaria) Latif Kurt, Ankara (Turkey) Lyutsiya Aubakirova, Astana (Kazakhstan) Marjan Komnenov, Skopje (Republic of Macedonia) Kani Işık, Antalya (Turkey) Mediha Canbek, Eskişehir (Turkey) Masoud Hedayatifard, Ghaemshahr (Iran) Mirza Barjees Baig, Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Muhammad Iqbal, Pir Sabaq Nowshera (Pakistan) Muhammad Iqbal, Nowshera, NWFP (Pakistan) M.N.V. Prasad, Hyderabad (India) Muhammad Sarwar, Tando Jam (Pakistan) Mecit Vural, Ankara, (Turkey) Muhammad Yasin Ashraf, Faisalabad (Pakistan) Metin Sarıbaş, Bartın (Turkey) Muhittin Arslanyolu, Eskişehir (Turkey) Muhammad Ashraf, Faisalabad (Pakistan) Muhittin Dinç, Konya (Turkey) Münir Öztürk, Đzmir (Turkey) Murad Aydın Şanda (Turkey) Özcan Seçmen, Đzmir (Turkey) Murat Dinçer Çekin, Đstanbul (Turkey) Rıdvan Tuncel, Eskişehir (Turkey) Mustafa Işıloğlu, Muğla (Turkey) Shyam Singh Yadav, Lae (Papua New Guinea) Mustafa Kızılşimşek, Adana (Turkey) Yunus Doğan, Đzmir (Turkey) Mustafa Yamaç, Eskişehir (Turkey) ------------------------------------------------------------- Nuri Öner, Çankırı (Turkey) Hakemler / Reviewers Rüştü Hatipoğlu, Adana (Turkey) Abdullah Kaya, Adıyaman (Turkey) Saleem Ahmad, Islamabad (Pakistan) Ahmet Zafer TeL, Adıyaman (Turkey) Sumaira Sahren, Islamabad (Pakistan) Ali Bilgin, Rize (Turkey) Süleyman Başlar, Đzmir (Turkey) Arif Gönülol, Samsun (Turkey) Sezgin Çelik, Kırıkkale (Turkey) Aykut Güvensen, Đzmir (Turkey) Şinasi Yıldırımlı, Ankara (Turkey) Cahit Doğan, Ankara (Turkey) Orhan Erman, Elazığ (Turkey) Derya Aktan, Đstanbul, (Turkey) Osman Beyazoğlu, Trabzon (Turkey) Emel Sözen, Eskişehir (Turkey) Ö. Köksal Erman, Erzurum (Turkey) Ender Makineci, Đstanbul (Turkey) Tuğba Bayrak Özbucak, Ordu (Turkey) Ergin Hamzaoğlu, Yozgat (Turkey) Tülay Ezer, Niğde (Turkey) Faik Ahmet Karavelioğlu, Ankara (Turkey) Ümit Đncekara, Erzurum (Turkey) Fatih Mehmet Şimşek, Aydın (Turkey) Y. Bülent Köse, Eskişehir (Turkey) Fazıl Özen, Kocaeli (Turkey) Yeşim Kara, Denizli (Turkey) Fazle Subhan, Peshawar-Tarnab (Pakistan) Yusuf Menemen, Kırıkkale (Turkey) Gazi Görür, Niğde (Turkey) Zeki Aytaç, Ankara (Turkey) Gökalp Đşcan, Eskişehir (Turkey) Gönül Kaynak, Bursa (Turkey) Güven Görk, Muğla (Turkey) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Makale yazım kuralları ve dergi ile ilgili diğer ayrıntılar için ” http:// www.biodicon.com“ adresini ziyaret ediniz / Please visit ” http:// www.biodicon.com“ for instructions about articles and all of the details about journal Kapak Tasarımı; Beykan KIRIKKOL Dizgi; Mine YÜCEL Yazışma Adresi / Correspondance Adres Prof. Dr. Ersin YÜCEL, P.K. 86, PTT Merkez, 26010 Eskişehir / Turkey E-posta : [email protected] http://www.biodicon.com www.biodicon.com Biological Diversity and Conservation ISSN 1308-5301 Print; ISSN 1308-8084 Online 3/1 (2010) 1-9 Diversity of soil fungi exposed to fresh and stored Olive Mill Wastewater Fatima zahra EL HASSANI *1, Abdellah ZINEDINE 1, Halah AISSAM 1, Sanae MDAGHRI ALAOUI 1 Abdelali FADILE 1, Mohamed MERZOUKI 1, Mohamed BENLEMLIH 1 1 University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehrez, Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, PO Box 1796 Atlas- Fez- Morocco Abstract Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) management is one of the most challenging environmental problems in Mediterranean countries. Its recycling in soil is an alternative of valorization mean of interest. The effect of OMW on growth of soil fungi, a principal element of biodegradability in soil, was investigated in this study. In a field trial, OMW application to soil at 8 l/m² and 16 l/m² caused an increase in abundances of soil fungi during the 6 months following the spreading. In a microcosm essay, growth of soil fungi was better in fresh OMW than in stored OMW becoming after storage more antimicrobial and phytotoxic. In fresh OMW sterilized then inoculated by soil microflora, survivors of soil fungi were constituted mainly by yeasts which showed an increase of abundances from 5.09 104 CFU/ml to 5.02 108 CFU/ml after 15 days of incubation at 20°C. In stored sterilized then inoculated OMW, yeasts showed a fast reduction then a survival at low levels. Soil moulds were a sensitize group to OMW even fresh or stored. This group presented a fast reduction of abundances then disappearance. It could be concluded that OMW spreading in high amounts would conflict soil fungi’s homeostasis and that spreading of OMW which was stored for a prolonged period should be avoided. Key words: Olive Mill Wastewater, fungi, soil, Olive Mill Wastewater storage 1. Introduction The effluent of olive oil production units called olive mill wastewater (OMW) is blackish wastewater characterized by a low pH (3.5 to 5.5), a high load of organic matter (COD of 45 to 220 g O2/l) and phenolic compounds (0.5 to 24 g/l) (Paraskeva et Diamadopoulos, 2006). OMW valorization is a major problem for Mediterranean countries producing nearly 95% of the world olive oil production (Tomati et al., 2001). In these countries, OMW is generally stored in ponds or directly discharged in sewers or rivers what lead to environmental and socioeconomic problems. In Morocco, OMW discharge is causing a