Your name 2/9/2004 Distribution map of Philippine volcanoes a preview Ma. Hannah T. Mirabueno Department of Science and Technology Philippine Institute of Volcanology & Seismology C.P. Garcia Ave., University of the Philippines Campus Diliman 1101 Quezon City Philippines Mariveles Volcano Type: Cinder and tuff cone and maar complex within a 25 Corregidor Island km-wide caldera (Taal Caldera) Metro Manila Þ“Volcano Island” 35 cones & maars, 47 Taal Volcano craters Laguna Caldera Þ26 tuff cones Þ5 cinder cones Þ4 maars Magmatism: Bataan-Mindoro Volcanic Arc, complicated by Banahaw Volcanic Complex fault activity in the Macolod N Corridor Rock Type: Mainly basalt N Title goes here 1 Your name 2/9/2004 Taal Satellite Imagery JPL-NASA Overview from Tagaytay, 1988 Historic Eruptions: 33, Main Crater: Site of most devastating historical eruptions since 1572 Þ1749: destroyed entire Volcano Island, old Taal & Talisay Last Known Caldera Þ1754: PLINIAN ERUPTION; destroyed Sala, Lipa, Tanauan, Talisay Eruption: 5,300-5,400 y Þ1911: destroyed Volcano Island, killed 1334 people ago 1.9 km-wide Historical Eruption 4 m ASL Centers: pH 2.3-2.5 ÞMain Crater ÎPlinian (1749, 1754, 1911) eruption: very ÞBinintiang Malaki explosive, (1767, 1715) gas-charged ÞBinintiang Munti eruption (1709, 1731) resulting in ÞPirapiraso (1731) tall ash ÞOff Calauit (1716) columns > 40 ÞMt. Tabaro km high (1965-70; 76-77) Title goes here 2 Your name 2/9/2004 1911 Eruption: Main Crater Brgy. Bugnay, Volcano Island Þ Ground fissuring: ÞFatalities due to deadly BASE SURGES, Taal’s primary hazard due to movement of ÎBase surges: type of pyroclastic surge from the base of an eruption magma beneath column that travel laterally outward at 90-500 m/s; first recognized in the surface; may be 1947 in explosion mushrooms of underwater nuclear tests. movement / adjustments along faults; accompanied by earthquakes Lemery, Batangas Caysasay Church, Taal Title goes here 3 Your name 2/9/2004 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION 1965 ERUPTION: 1969-70: Phreatomagmatic-Strombolian-Phreatic Þ28-30 September, after 54 yrs. 8 months repose 1976-77: Phreatic-Phreatomagmatic ÞDuration: 3 days ÞPhreatomagmatic: eruption produced by interaction of water and ÞPhreatomagmatic magma that results to ejection of steam and new + old fragmented ÞFatalities: 200 people on volcanic material Volcano Island ÞStrombolian: mild to violent eruption of gas-charged magma by ÞIntensity: Violent lava fountaining and lava flow ÞVolcanic ejecta: cinder/ scoria, tuff ÞPhreatic: steam eruptions caused by contact of water with hot country rocks, resulting in the ejection of steam with or without old fragmented volcanic material (no magmatic or new material erupted) TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Resulting Landforms from the 1965 Eruption ÞVolcanic landform produced: ÎExplosion crater -- 1.5 X 0.3 km wide ÎCinder cone / tuff ring -- 68.5 m high, 170 m-wide rim ÞDeposits from base surges TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Title goes here 4 Your name 2/9/2004 1966 ERUPTION: 1967 ERUPTION: Þ5 July - 4 August Þ16-18 August ÞDuration: 31 days ÞDuration: 3 days ÞPhreatomagmatic, with ÞPhreatomagmatic observeable base ÞIntensity: Mild surges ÞVolcanic ejecta: Intensity: Moderate cinder/scoria, tuff ÞVolcanic ejecta: cinder/ scoria, tuff ÞVolcanic landform produced: ÎCinder cone / tuff ring: 5 m high, 22 m-wide rim TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER 1968 ERUPTION: ÞVolcanic Þ31 January - 2 April landform ÞDuration: 63 days produced: ÞStrombolian: lava ÎCinder/ Tuff fountaining and lava cone: 85 m- flow high, 72 m- ÞIntensity: Moderate wide rim ÎLava flow: Aa field ÞVolcanic ejecta: cinder/scoria, tuff, 1968 STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION spatter, lava flow TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Title goes here 5 Your name 2/9/2004 1968 Lava Flow and creation of Aa Field 1968 Lava Flow Resulting Landforms from the 1969 Eruption 1969 STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION ÞVolcanic ejecta: cinder/scoria, tuff, spatter, lava flow Lava flow towards Alasas, northeast of Mt. Tabaro TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Title goes here 6 Your name 2/9/2004 1969 ERUPTION Bubbling of water during 1969 eruption, MINOR ERUPTIONS: Taal Lake, due to escaping gas from 1976 magma beneath the lake floor PHREATIC Þ1970, 9-13 November (3 ERUPTION days): phreatomagmatic, mild Þ1976, 3 September- 22 October (50 days): phreatic, mild Þ1977, 3-4 October (1 day): phreatic, mild TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Mt. Tabaro Eruption site after 1977 MT. TABARO, 1982 1977 TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Title goes here 7 Your name 2/9/2004 Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map TAAL VOLCANO: 1965-77 MT. TABARO ERUPTION & MAKEOVER Taal Volcano Seiche Hazard Map www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph TAAL LAKE, 1988 Title goes here 8.