Volume 1 || Issue 1 || June 2017 Perspective Indian Association for Asian and Pacific Studies IAAPS Editor-in-Chief Partha S. Ghosh Editors Anasua Basu Ray Chaudhury Priya Singh Editorial Board Achintya Dutta Chandan Sharma Chatthip Nartsupha Purusottam Bhattacharya Sekhar Bandyopadhyay Suchandra Ghosh Publisher Indian Association for Asian and Pacific Studies, 4 B Merlin Temple Tower, 115/1, Hazra Road, Kolkata-26 INDIA Email: [email protected] Design & Developed @ samaresh This is a peer-reviewed online journal. The views expressed by the authors are their own. These are not official views of the IAAPS . Contents ! -•≥≥°• ¶ ®• 0 •≥©§• )!!03 %≥≥°≥ • .•©® ≥ 7•≥ " §• ≥ °§ "§° ©•≥ ••• )§©° °§ "°¨°§•≥® !°≥° "°≥ 2° #®°§®≤ °§ 2°®°®°≤© #®°•≤™© • 4 °£© 2©®≥ -•£®°©≥≥ ¶ -© °≥ 4®• #°≥• ¶ "°¨°§•≥®©≥ © )§©° 6©°≥® +°≤ • #•! ° " 3®•°≥ $≥©° $ /&• &©• +≤©•≥° #®°≤•≥° ' • 4®• .°© " °§ © (°)°*®≥° )°• "©¨§© © 4©•≥ ¶ # ©≥©≥ !©° 3•° + • 4®• #&• °• ¶ ,•)© 0° * 2•≥.≥°£• © ®• 4 *©≥® -•§©° 9°≥•© d£•¨ /0 " 2• ©• • ®• !£≤•≥≥ © ®• 0"¨©£ ®•°≤• # #°¨£° 1 0 ©≥ "*≥1 .• 2•¨®© '03 " 3° &°© ,! ,©© %®≥® /4 $£• • $£°§•©£ 5©≥ " ¶ )$$03 30 A Message from the Desk of the President, IAAPS 4®• ¨§ ®°≥ ©£ •°≥©¨" •£• §©©°¨6 7 •• °©≥ ° • • ≥•§ •°§© ¶ ®•© £!• ≥£ ••≥ ®° ¶ ! ©•§ !°•≥6 4®• ! °£©£• ®°≥ ©≥ ®°)° §≥ ®® ¶ §©©©)°© £° ©§••§ ≥!!¨•• ! ©•§ °• ≥ •!¨°£• ®• °¨•®• 6 "® ° • •8°¨¨" &°¨°¨•6 . °° • ¶ ®©≥ •°¨©" "• ° ®• ≥°• ©• °*© •≥•° £® ©§•°≥ °≥ £® • °&°©¨°¨• ° ¨° • °§©•£• )$$03 ®°≥ °*• ! ®©≥ • ≥ °≥* ¶ ©©©°© ©≥ •9 °¨ ©® ®©≥ ©° °¨ • ®©£® ©≥ •¶ • "6 ) ° ≥ • © ¨§ • •°§ " ≥£®¨° ≥ °§ ££• •§ ©§©&©§°¨≥ ° ¨° • °§ ¨§ ! &©§• ° ¶ ¶ £©≥ §•°•≥ °§ §©≥£≥≥©≥6 $¨¨ ° • •¨£• 9© © ®©≥ £•¨• °© ¶ ©§•°©°¨ £&• ≥°©≥6 ,©&• ®• $≥©° ¶£≥ ¶ °©)°© • ≥° 9 •" ©® ®©≥ £¨¨•£© ¶ ¶©&• ° ©£¨•≥ °§ •°£® ©≥ •: ••¨" •¨•&° ¶ ©•≥6 $°≥° "°≥ 2°" #®°§® " °§ 2°*®°®° © #®°• 9©;≥ ° ©£¨• <.•©® ≥ 7•≥ " §• ≥ °§ "§° ©•≥ ••• )§©° °§ "°¨°§•≥®; ©≥ ©•¨" ©&• ®• ¶°£ ®° °¶• ¶ §•£°§•≥ ®• £ ©•≥ ®°&• ¶©°¨¨" ≥©•§ ®•© ¨°§ §• ° •••6 /&©≥¨" •&• "®© ¨§ • ®*"§Ø " ¶ © ©≥ ° °≥≥©&• ≥•! © ®• §© •£© ¶ ≥ © °" ≥°§© §• ©≥≥•≥ ••• ®• £ ©•≥6 4®• ≥•£§ ° ©£¨• " 6©*°≥® (° °*•≥ ®• ©• •≥© £°≥• ¶ <2©®≥ -•£®°©≥≥; © ®• £•: ¶ "°¨°§•≥®© © °≥ © )§©°6 ) °°¨"≥•≥ ≥!!¨"§•°§ §©°¨•£©£≥ © • ≥ ¶ ≥°• ©©©°©&•≥ ¶ ≥°¶•° §© £• °© ©°¨©•°¨• ©®≥ °¨≥©§• ®• © °≥; £¨°©≥ ®•© ©®≥6 ( ©•≥°* #®° •≥°*;≥ ° ©£¨• •©¨•§ <#•! ° " 3®•°≥ $≥©° $ /&• &©•; ! &©§•≥ ° ° °©&•1 °≥ ®• ©¨• ≥•≥≥1 §•°©¨© °¨¨ ®• °9 •§≥ ®° ° • ©£•°¨• © ®• •© ¶ ¨°•6 7®©¨• §•£ °£" ©≥ © ° ≥•£ • ≥•°§ © °¨≥ ®• •© • •© £• °©©•≥ § •°© °*• ≥ *••! 8•≥©© ®• ¶ • !≥≥©©¨©©•≥ °§ ! °©¨©©•≥6 4®• ¶ ® ° ©£¨•1 <4®• .°© " °§ © (°)°*®≥° )°• "©¨§© © 4©•≥ ¶ # ©≥©≥; " $©° 3•!° §•°¨≥ ©® ° •© ®©£® ≥©¨¨ •°©≥ ° •©° °" ¶ ≥6 )≥ &°≥ •≥ £•≥ °°©≥ ®• °£* § ¶ ° ≥°¨¨ !!¨°© "• ©&©© ®• !≥≥©©¨©" ¶ ° )≥¨°©£ !≥ • ° • •© °£®•§ °£ ≥≥ ®• ¨• ¶°® ®• °" ®©≥ ¨§ °*• ≥®°!• ®• •6 7°≥•© d£•?¨;≥ !©•£•1 <4®• #&• °• ¶ ,•)© 0° * 2•≥©≥°£• © ®• 4 *©≥® -•§©°; ¨§ °*• ° ©• •≥© •°§© •£°≥• • ©≥ £ ©≥ * ® ®• ! •≥≥ °°©≥ ®• °® ©° ©°©≥ ¶ 2•£•! 4°""©! % §° °≥ •! •§ © ®• 4 *©≥® ! •≥≥ !° ©£¨° ¨" •£°≥• ®• ! •≥• ≥ •¨•§ ® ®• ¨•¶ °§ ©® © ¶ £•≥6 - • ©! °¨" ®•" • • ! •≥© • •¨" °°©≥ £• °© ! £ ! °• !¨©£©•≥ ¶ ®• ≥°• °¨≥ °°©≥ £• °© ≥£©°¨ !¨©£©•≥ ®©£® ≥§•§ • °§• °§ ≥£ °©≥ A°°©≥ ®• °£* § ¶ ®• •£• ¶°©¨•§ £! °°©≥ % §Ø° ®• ° ©£¨• °≥≥•≥ •°• ≥°¨©•£•B6 - • ≥1 ° * •©¨•§ 4®• $£ •≥≥ © ®• 0¨©£ 4®•° • ¶ #°¨£° " 3° &°© ,! A0 ©≥ "*≥ '03B ®• °£ •≥≥ ®1 ¶ ®• ¶© ≥ ©• © ®• ®©≥ " ¶ "•°¨© ®•° •1 !• ¶ •§ © ®• !¨©£ ®•° •≥ ¶ #°¨£° © ®• ¨°• C® £• " ®°≥ •• •&©••§ " ,©!© ,®≥®6 ) ®!• ®• •°§• ≥ ©¨¨ •¨£• ®©≥ &• •6 -" •≥ ©≥®•≥ °¨¨ ¶ "6 0° ®° 3 '® ≥® $≥ '0E Neighbours' Woes: Borders and Boundaries between India and Bangladesh By * Anasua Basu Ray Chaudhury &&& Rakhahari Chatterji 4®• ≤§•≤ • •• ) §©° ° § "° ¨°§•≥® ®°≥ °¨ °≥ •• £ • ©≥ ° § ®°≥ §•¶© •§ ®• ≤•¨° © ≥®© • •• ®• £ ≤©•≥ ° ¨°≤• •! • " 4®• ¶°£ ®° © ©≥ ®• ¨ •≥ ) §©° ≥®°≤•≥ © ® ° £ ≤ ©≥ ° © ≤ ° ≤•°≥ ¶≤ ®• §©¶¶©£¨ ©•≥ • £ •≤•§" ) ©≥ ≤• ®° © 3 ® $≥©° © ®• ≤•≥• £• ≤ ®• ≥ © ≤ ° ©¨° •≤°¨ © © ©° ©%• • •• ®•≥• £ ≤©•≥ ®°≥ •• ®• ° • ≤•≥¨%• ®• ¨ &≥ ° §© ≤§•≤ §©≥ • ®° °≤≥• °¶ •≤ ®• 0°≤ © © ¶ () * ®° ¶ ®• ,° § "≤§•≤ $≤••• ,"$ ° § ®• •!£®° • ¶ • £¨°%•≥ #®®©°®°¨≥ • •• ®•≥• £ ≤©•≥" , •%•≤ ®• -•≥ © ≥ ©¨¨ ≤•°© ≥ ®° ® ¶°≤ ®©≥ °≤••• ° § •!£®° • ¶ • £¨°%•≥ £° °%• ®• ° ≤•≥¨%• ®•≤ ≥• ¨•§ ≤§•≤ ©≥≥•≥ ®©£® °≤• %•≤ £≤£©°¨ §•°¨ © ®" 4®• ≤§•≤ •≥ •£©°¨¨ ®• °≤ ®©£® ≤ ≥ °¨ ®• ≥ ° • ¶ .•≥ "• °¨ ¶≤ ° //() ®°≥ •• ° £ ¨©£° •§ • •%• •¶≤• ®• °≤ © © ¶ ) §©° © () ° § ®• ¶≤° © ¶ "° ¨°§•≥® © ()(" 4®©≥ ©≥ °© ¨ •£°≥• ®• ≤§•≤ • §•§ §©%©§© ° ¨° § ®° ¶≤ £• ≤©•≥ •!©≥ •§ °≥ °≤ ¶ • ≥£©&•£ ©£ ¨© ©£°¨ ° § £¨ ≤°¨ ≥ °£•" ) ¶°£ © ©≥ ®• ≤≥ ° ≤• ¶ ®• ≤§•≤ ®©£® ©≥ ° ®• ®•°≤ ¶ ©≥≥•≥ ≤•¨° •§ ≤§•≤ ° °•• • •• ®• £ ≤©•≥" 4®• %°≥ ≥ ≤• £®•≥ ¶ ° •§ °≤§•§ ≤§•≤ ®°≥ £≤•° •§ •≤≥ ≤° ≥&≤§•≤ ≤¨•≥ © £¨§© §£• •§ ©≤° © © £≤•°≥© ° ¶ ¶¶©£©°¨ ≤°§• ≥¨© ¶ °≤≥ ° § §≤≥ ° § £ ≤°° § © •≥ ° § £≤©•≥ ¨©• ©§ ° © ¶≤ ≤° ≥ ®° ≤°¶¶©£© £° ¨• ¨©¶ © •! ≤ © £≤≥≥&≤§•≤ %•• ≥ ¶ •≤≤≤©≥ ≥" ) ©≥ °¨≥ ®• ≤•°≥ ® ®•≤• ©≥ ° ••§ •≥ °¨©≥® °¨¨ °££• °¨• ≥ ≤£ ≤•≥ © ®• ≤§•≤ °≤•°≥" 00≤¶•≥≥≤ 1°®°®°≤© 2®° •≤3© ©≥ £≤≤• ¨ $§%©≥≤ ° § 4≤" $ °≥° "°≥ 1° 2®°§®≤ ©≥ 5•¨¨ ° § £≤§© ° ≤ ¶ £ •£ ©%© ≤3•£ ° 6≥•≤%•≤ 1•≥•°≤£® 5 §° © 7¨° °" ≤°®°®°≤©8°®"£9 ° °≥°°≥8≤¶ ¨© •"≤ )$$03 0•≤≥ •£ ©%• 6¨"( ( $≥ /( 222 Borders and Boundaries between India and Bangladesh $°© ≥ ®©≥ °£§≤ ®• ≤•≥• •≥≥° ©¨¨ ¶£≥ ≥• ≥£® ≤•≥¨%•§ ©≥≥•≥ © ≤•¨° © ) §©°&"° ¨°§•≥® ≤§•≤ © ® ≥ •£©°¨ • ®°≥©≥ .•≥ "• °¨" %£®° ¶ #®®©°®°¨≥ °§ 3 5°≥ ≤ § 1µ ≥© ≥ 4®• ,"$ ° § ®• •!£®° • ¶ • £¨°%•≥ • •• ®•≥• £ ≤©•≥ ®°%• •• £® °¨•§ ° © ≤•£• ©•" 4®• %©≥© ¶ ®• ) §©° 0≤©• -© ©≥ •≤ .°≤• §≤° -§© "° ¨°§•≥® © •≥≥•§ ®• • §≤≥•• ¶ ®• • ≥ ,"$ () ®©£® ®°≥ ° ¨ ¨°≥ £ ¶•≤≤•§ ° ¨•°¨ ©§• © • ¨• ¨©%© © • £¨°%•≥ © ®© ®• •≤° ®©£°¨ •≤≤© ≤©•≥ ¶ ® ) §©° ° § "° ¨°§•≥®" ) °¨≥ ≥® ≥ ° °¶¶©≤° © ¶ ®• • •≤°¨ ° © §• ¶ ¶≤©• §¨© •≥≥ °≤§≥ "° ¨°§•≥® ) §©°=≥ °≤ " %! •≤ ≥ © "° ¨°§•≥® §•≥£≤©• ®©≥ °≥ ° © ≤ ° ≥ • °≤§≥ £≤•° © ° ≥© ©%• ©°• ¶≤ ) §©° © ®° £ ≤" ( 4®• 6¶¶©£• ¶ ®• 1•©≥ ≤°≤ '• •≤°¨ ¶ ) §©° "° ¨°§•≥® "≤•° ¶ 3 ° ©≥ ©£≥ ° § 4- 2£® "•®°≤ ° § 42≥ ¶ ,°¨ ©≤®° 0° £®°°≤® 7≤©≤° ° § .©¨ ®°°≤© ≤•§ ≥≥ •° ©£°¨¨ ° § © ° £≤§© ° •§ ¶°≥®© £¨¨•£ ®• © ≥ ¶≤ ®• ≤•≥©§• ≥" / 4®• © ¨•• ° © ≤£•≥≥ ©≥ §•≥© •§ © ®≤•• ®°≥•≥@ 4®• °≤••• ° § ≤ £¨ £°• © •¶¶•£ ¶≤ ©§ ©® ¶ A( B¨ /(C" 4®• ≤° ≥¶•≤ ¶ •≤≤© ≤©°¨ 3≤©≥§©£ © •!£®° • ¶ ≥ ≤© ° ≥ ° § ≤ § §•°≤£° © ¶ ®• §°≤ °≤• • £ ¨• •§ A B • /(" A ) °¨¨ ((( ) §©° • £¨°%•≥ •°≥≤© ()( °£≤•≥ •£°• "° ¨°§•≥® •≤≤© ≤9 ≥©©¨°≤¨ C( "° ¨°§•≥® • £¨°%•≥ •°≥≤© )(( °£≤•≥ •£°• ) §©° •≤≤© ≤" 4®• C( • £¨°%•≥ £© © ) §©° °≤• ≥ ≤•°§ °£≤≥≥ 4© ®° ° -•¨©° 3 3© °© 3© °¨£®© ° § 4¶° ° 3 $≥≥•¨ £ ≥ © • £©•≥" 4®• ≤©® % • ©≥≥•§ ®• • £© ©D• ≥ © ® ®• %¨•£ © ,° ≥ $• §• $£ /( £© © •¶¶•£ ¶≤ -°≤£® /( °≥ ° •¨£• ≥ • " 4®•≤• °≤• ° (C • ¨• © ®°© © ®• • £¨°%•≥ ¶ ®©£® )) ¶≤•≤ • £¨°%•&§ •¨¨•≤≥ £°≥ ®•©≤ % •≥ ¶≤ ®• ¶©≤≥ ©• §≤© ®• .•≥ "• °¨ $≥≥•¨ •¨•£ © ≥ ¶ /(" $££≤§© ®• ¶© §© ≥ ¶ ®• ≥≤%• ®• ©≥≥• ¶ E£®©£• ¶ ° © °¨© = °¨≥ °¨¨ ®• (/(C ≤•≥©§• ≥ ¶ ®• "° ¨°§•≥®© • £¨°%•≥ © ≥©§• ) §©° •§ ¶≤ ) §©° £© ©D• ≥®© ®©¨• ¨ ° (/) ¶ ®• A)A ≤•≥©§• ≥ ¶ ®• ) §©° • £¨°%•≥ © ≥©§• "° ¨°§•≥® ° •§ ) §©° £© ©D• ≥®© " ) © ©°¨¨ © °≥ ≥°©§ ®° •°≤¨ AC • ¨• ©¨¨ ¶≤ ) §©° £© ©D• ≥®© ®•≤• °≥ ° ®• • § ¶ ®• ≥≤%• ®• •≤ £°• § (C//" C 1•≥©§• ≥ ¶ • £¨°%•≥ © ® £ ≤©•≥ ©¨¨ • •≤© •§ • •≤ ®©£®•%•≤ ¶ ®• £ ≤©•≥ ®• £®≥• ®≤® ,°¨§©°≤© "≤©°≤© ° § "° ¨°° §®° A .%••≤ /(C" ) °≥ §•£©§•§ © ®• ≤ £¨ ®° ® %•≤ • ≥ ≥®°¨¨ ¶°£©¨© ° • ≤•© ° £• ¶ ≥°¨•≥ ≤£••§≥ ¶ §•£¨°≤•§ ©%°¨• ≤ •≤ ©•≥ °≥ ° ≤ ≤©° •" 4®• ≤•°© © ¶≤°¨© ©•≥ ©¨¨ • £ §£ •§ ®• ) §©°&"° ¨°§•≥® B© " §°≤ .≤© '≤ B".'" Borders and Boundaries between India and Bangladesh 333 .®©¨• ®• ≤° ©¶©£° © ¶ ®• ,"$ ©≥ § ° •¨£• §•%•¨ • © ©¨° •≤°¨ ≤•¨° © ≥ • •• ®• £ ≤©•≥ ®• © ¨•• ° © ¶ ®• °≤••• ••§≥ ° ¨ ¶ £ ≥©§•≤° © " ) ®°≥ •• §©≥£%•≤•§ •° ®©¨• ®° ¨° § ≤•£≤§≥ ¶ •≤≥®© ®°%• •• ©≥ ¨°£•§ ≤ ¨≥ ° § ®• ¶© °¨ §•£©≥© ° • °≥•§ ≤§ ¶ ® ¶ ®• ¨£°¨≥ ≤•≥©§© © ®• • £¨°%•≥" ) ©≥ °≥ • £¨•°≤ ® ®• £ ¨©£° © ®° © ©¨¨ £≤•° • ©¨¨ • ≤•≥¨%•§" 4®• ¶≤•≤ • £¨°%•≥ °≤• £®°≤ •§ ¨° §@ ° °§© ©≥ ≤° © ©¨¨ ®°%• • © ≥ °¨¨•§ ®• ¨° § °§© •§ ®• ¶¶©£©°¨ •≤≤© ≤ ®≤® ≥≤%•≥ ®°%• • §©≥ ≤© •§ ° © §©%©§°¨≥ ° § ©§• © ©•≥ ≤£•≥≥•§" $§§© © °¨¨ ®° ≤©® ≥ ≤ ≥ ¨©• ®• -° ° °§®© °≤ 3≤° ®≥®° -° £® -$35- ®°%• °¨¨••§ ®° ®• ≤£•≥≥ ¶ ®• ≥≤%• ®°≥ •• ≤° ≥ °≤• ° § ®° ®• ≤•≥©§• ≥ ¶ ®• • £¨°%•≥ ®°%• •• °¨¨ •§ £®≥• ®•©≤ ° © °¨© " 5≤ © ≥ ° £• -$35- ®°≥ £¨°©•§ ®° ( ,© § ¶°©¨©•≥ ® °≤• ≤•≥©§• ≥ ¶ ®• "®° §°≤§°®° • £¨°%• 2£® "•®°≤ ) §©° •≤• ¨©≥ •§ ° °¨¨ © ®• ≥≤%•" 1•£• ¨ ®• ) §©° % £¨°%• 0• ¨•G≥ 2© •• ° § 7£®¨©°≤ 3° ≤° 2© •• ®°%• £ ¨°© •§ ®• .° © °¨ ,° 1©® ≥ 2©≥≥© .,12 ®• ≥°• ¨© • °≥ -$35-" 4®•≤• ©≥ ° ≤•®• ≥© ®° ®≥• ® •≤• £ •§ © ®• 2• ≥≥ /(( ©¨¨ • £ • ≥° © " -≤•%•≤ ®•≥• ≤° ©≥° © ≥ ®°%• £ ¨°© •§ ®° ) §©° ≤•≥©§• ≥ ¶ ¶≤•≤ • £¨°%•≥ © ®© "° ¨°§•≥®© •≤≤© ≤ •≤• •© ≤ ≤•§ ° § ≤° •§" 5≤ ®•≤ ®• 3© ≥≤%• •° ¶°£•§ £ ¨©£° © ≥ °≥ ≥• ••≤≥ ¶ ®• ¶°©¨ ° • ) §©° £© ©D• ≥ ®©¨• ®•≤≥ ¶ ®• ≥°• ¶°©¨ ° ≥ ° °£ © "° ¨°§•≥®" 4®• ≥≤%• •° ®°≥ ≥•≤%•§ ®° £¨°≤© %•≤ £ • ≥° © ©≥ ¨ • ¶ ®• ≤¨•≥" -° • £¨°%• ≤•≥©§• ≥ ≥°©§ ®• •° ®° ¨° § °¶©° ≤ ≥ •≤• ≤•≥≥≤© ®• ≥•¨¨ ®•©≤ ¨° § ° § %•" ) ©≥ °°© ≥ ®©≥ °£§≤ ®° ®• %•≤ • ≥ ° ≥ ¨° § ≥°¨•≥ • •• // B • ° § A B¨ /(C" .®©¨• ® ) §©° ° § "° ¨°§•≥® ®°%• £© •§ ≥°¶• °≥≥°• ° § °© °© © ®• © •≤© ¶ ≤ •≤ ≤•£≤§≥ ®• ≥ ® ¶°£©¨© ° © ° § © ¨•• ° © ¶ ®• ≥°• ©¨¨ ≤•-©≤• £ ≥ ° %©©¨° £• ° § ≥ ≤ " 3© £• °££≤§© ®• °≤••• ®• £ ≤©•≥ ©¨¨ • °¨• •!£®° • • £¨°%•≥ ¨£° •§ © •°£® ®•≤=≥ •≤≤© ≤ © © •%© °¨ £°¨¨≥ © -•≥ © ®• ≤£•≥≥ ¶ ≤•®°©¨© ° © ¶ ®• • ¨• ® ®°%• •• ≤•≥©§© © ®•≥• • £¨°%•≥" 4®• ,"$ ©≥ •! •£ •§ ¶¶•≤ ° • •≤ -°¨© ¶ ¨©¶• ®• • ¨• ® ©¨¨ §° • §©§ • 3 °≥©£ ®° ≤©® ≥ © £¨§© °££•≥≥ ≥£®¨≥ ®≥ © °¨≥ ° § ®•≤ °≥©£ °• © ©•≥" 4®•≥• • ¨• •≤• §• ¶°£ ≥ ° •¨•≥≥ ¶≤ °¨¨ © • ≥ ° § ≤ ≥•≥"