SFG3712 V3 Final Report January 2018 Environmental and Social Public Disclosure Authorized Management for Thaton Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Plant Socio Economic Survey - Kyar Ban, Than Ban, Inn Shey and Nyaung Wyne Villages Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 8408P01/FICHT-17619500-v4 Disclaimer The content of this document is intended for the exclusive use of Fichtner’s client and other contractually agreed recipients. It may only be made available in whole or in part to third parties with the client’s consent and on a non-reliance basis. Fichtner is not liable to third parties for the completeness and accuracy of the information provided therein. 8408P01/FICHT-17619500-v4 Table of Contents Disclaimer 3 Table of Contents I List of Figures V List of Tables XI Abbreviations and Acronyms XIII 1. Executive Summary 1-1 1.1 Executive Summary 1-1 2. Introduction 2-1 2.1 Authorization 2-1 2.1.1 Electric Power Generation Enterprise (EPGE), Myanmar 2-1 2.2 Task 2: EHS Due Diligence Audit at Thaton Power Plant, including social survey 2-1 2.2.1 First sub-task: Due Diligence Audit at the Thaton Power Plant 2-1 2.2.2 Second sub-task: Socio-Economic Surveys 2-2 3. Lexicon for Easy Understanding 3-1 4. First Socio-Economic Survey 4-1 4.1 Education 4-1 4.2 Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene 4-1 4.3 Health 4-2 4.4 Ethnicity and Culture 4-3 4.5 Livelihood 4-4 4.6 Household’s Access to Electricity, Tariff and Willingness to Pay 4-5 4.7 Community Involvement in the Thaton PP 4-6 5. Full Socio-Economic Survey 5-1 5.1 Objectives 5-1 5.2 Survey Methodology 5-2 5.3 Findings from the Data collected by Questionnaires - Part I - General socio-economic situations of Households 5-3 5.3.1 Population Characteristics 5-3 5.3.2 Education 5-15 5.3.3 Health Situation 5-21 I 8408P01/FICHT-17619500-v4 5.3.4 Water Supply 5-25 5.3.5 Sanitation and Hygiene 5-31 5.3.6 Environment 5-35 5.3.7 Employment 5-37 5.3.8 Gender Aspects 5-40 5.3.9 Household Assets 5-42 5.3.10 Productive Assets 5-47 5.3.11 Household Income, Expenditure and Debt 5-54 5.3.12 Food Security 5-63 5.3.13 Electricity Supply and Usage 5-67 5.3.13.2 Utilisation of Electricity 5-70 5.3.14 Village/Community organisations 5-85 5.4 Findings from the Data collected by Questionnaires - Part II - Ethnic Households 5-89 5.4.1 Identities of Ethnic Households 5-89 5.4.2 Population of Ethnic Households 5-91 5.4.3 Diversity of Religion 5-92 5.4.4 Different Languages 5-93 5.4.5 Cultural Diversity 5-94 5.4.6 Ethnic Relationships as Perceived by Ethnic Households 5-95 5.4.7 Inter marriage between different ethinicities 5-102 5.4.8 Problems encountered by Ethnic Minorities 5-102 5.4.9 Accessibility of Ethnic Households to Health Services 5-107 5.4.10 Accessibility of Ethnic Households to Drinking Water Sources 5-110 5.4.11 Education Situation 5-112 5.4.12 Employment of Ethnic Population 5-118 5.4.13 Household Debt Situation for Ethnic Groups 5-122 5.4.14 Accessibility of Ethnic Households to Electricity 5-126 5.5 Findings from Key Informant Interviews 5-133 5.5.1 Matrix of Viewpoints taken by different Ethnic Groups on Some Ethnic Issues 5-134 5.5.2 A Matrix of Viewpoints taken by some Stakeholders on Some Social, Economic and Environmental Issues 5-140 6. Comparison with Historical Data 6-1 6.1 Changes in the number of Households and Population 6-2 6.1.1 Male and Female Population 6-2 II 8408P01/FICHT-17619500-v4 6.2 Changes in the Ethnic Population 6-3 6.3 Changes in the Rate of Electricity Connection 6-4 7. Risk Analysis 7-1 8. Conclusion 8-1 8.1 Conclusion of the Social Survey 8-1 8.1.1 General Socio-Economic Situation 8-1 8.1.2 Social Impact of the Power Plant on Village Communities 8-2 8.1.3 Benefits from the Power Plant Project 8-2 8.1.4 Development Opportunities 8-3 8.1.5 Risk of Investment for the New Power Plant 8-3 8.1.6 People 8-4 9. References 9-1 10. Annexes 10-1 10.1 Annex 1: Full Texts of Key Informant Interviews 10-1 Social Issues 10-1 10.1.1 Event No.1: Interview with Village Administrator of Du Yin Seik Village Tract 10-1 10.1.2 Event No.2: Interview with A Member of Village Electrification Committee 10-3 10.1.3 Event No.3: Interview with Kayin Ethnic Leader of Kayin Su, Kyar Ban Village 10-5 10.1.4 Event No.4: Interview with a Leader of Kayin Literature & Culture Group, Kayin Su village 10-6 10.1.5 Event No.5: Interview with Pa-oh Ethnic Leader of Pa-oh Su, Kyar Ban Village 10-8 10.1.6 Event No.6: Interview with a Village Activist in Pa-oh Su, Kyar Ban Village 10-9 10.1.7 Event No.7: Interview with District Medical Officer, Thaton District Hospital 10-10 10.1.8 Event No.8: Interview with a Health Assistant, Thaton District Hospital 10-11 10.1.9 Event No.9: Interview with a Teaching Staff, State High School, Kyar Ban Village 10-13 10.1.10 Event No.10: Interview with a Management Staff of Thaton Tyre Plant 10-15 10.1.11 Event No.11: Interview with Township Engineer, Electricity Supply Enterprise, Thaton Township 10-17 III 8408P01/FICHT-17619500-v4 10.1.12 Event No.12: Interview with Deputy Staff Officer, Department of Rural Development, the Thaton Township 10-17 Environmental and Public Health Issues 10-18 10.1.13 Event No. 1: Interview with DOA, Thaton 10-18 10.1.14 Event No. 2: Interview with the District Health Department, Thaton 10-18 10.1.15 Event No. 3: Interview with the Township General Administrative Department, Thaton 10-19 10.1.16 Event No. 4: Interview with the Rural Health Center, Kyar Ban Village 10-19 10.1.17 Event No.5 Interview with Village Tract Administrator, Du Yin Seik Village Tract 10-20 10.1.18 Event No. 6 Interview with Village Electrification Committee, Kyar Ban Village 10-20 10.1.19 Event No (7) Interviews with the Paoh Youth and Karen Youth Organizations, Kyar Ban 10-21 10.1.20 Event No.8 Interviews with Villagers at the Administrative Office, Kyar Ban 10-22 10.2 Annex 2: Photographic Documentation 10-24 10.2.1 Full socio-economic survey (August and September 2016) 10-24 10.3 Annex 3: Questionnaires used in the Socio-Economic Study 10-28 10.3.1 Household Survey Socio-Economic Survey Questionnaires - English 10-28 10.3.2 Household Survey Socio-Economic Survey Questionnaires - Burmese 10-40 IV 8408P01/FICHT-17619500-v4 List of Figures Figure 5-1: Male-Female Population in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-4 Figure 5-2: Male and Female Ratio in Total Population of all surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-4 Figure 5-3: Population by Age Groups in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-5 Figure 5-4: Population by Age Groups in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-5 Figure 5-5: Male - Female Population Ratio in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-6 Figure 5-6: Male - Female Student Percentage in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-7 Figure 5-7: Average number of Students in Every 10 households in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-8 Figure 5-8: Migrant Worker Population in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-9 Figure 5-9: Average Migrant Workers per 10 Households in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-9 Figure 5-10: Persentage of Old Aged and Disabled Population in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-10 Figure 5-11: Percentage of Man - or Woman- headed Households in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-11 Figure 5-12: Overall Ratio of Man - or Woman- headed Households in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-12 Figure 5-13: Family members Living with Head of Households in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-12 Figure 5-14: Education levels of Household members in the individual villages (Sept. 2016) 5-16 Figure 5-15: Overall Education levels of Household members in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-16 Figure 5-16: Overall Education levels of Male population in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-17 Figure 5-17: Overall Education levels of Female population in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-17 Figure 5-18: Children of school going age, school children and out-of-school children in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-18 Figure 5-19: Overall Percentage of School children & out-of-school children in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-18 Figure 5-20: Overall Percentage of Household Achieving different education levels in the survey villages (Sept. 2016) 5-19 Figure 5-21: Percentage of Household with different Distance from schools in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-20 Figure 5-22: Five most common diseases in the surveyed villages (Sept. 2016) 5-21 Figure 5-23: Easy Access to Health Facilities in the survey villages (Sept.