Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2015 Joint report of JRC and Directorate-General Environment 2016 EUR 28148 EN Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2015 Contacts: JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Directorate E: Space, Security & Migration Disaster Risk Management Jesús San-Miguel-Ayanz [email protected] Tracy Durrant [email protected] Roberto Boca [email protected] Giorgio Libertá [email protected] Francesco Boccacci [email protected] Directorate D: Sustainable Resources Bioeconomy Margherita Di Leo [email protected] Jorge López Pérez [email protected] DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT Directorate E: Natural Capital Land Use & Management Ernst Schulte [email protected] MEMBER STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES See list of contributors for country reports. Sources of data and comments are also given in the text. This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Contact information Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 261, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 78 6138 JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC103326 EUR 28148 EN ISBN 978-92-79-62958-7 (print) ISBN 978-92-79-62959-4 (PDF) ISSN 1018-5593 (print) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) doi:10.2788/29061 (print) doi:10.2788/914 (online) © European Union, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Luxembourg All images © European Union 2016, (unless otherwise specified) How to cite: Jesús San-Miguel-Ayanz, Tracy Durrant, Roberto Boca, Giorgio Libertà, Francesco Boccacci, Margherita Di Leo, Jorge López Pérez, Ernst Schulte; Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2015; EUR 28158 EN; doi:10.2788/914 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS FOR THE COUNTRY REPORTS Algeria Abdelhafid BENCHIKHA Direction Générale de la Protection Civile Mohamed ABBAS Direction Générale des Forêts Austria Franz HUMER The Austrian Federal Fire Brigade Association Bulgaria Vladimir KONSTANTINOV Executive Forest Agency Croatia Ivana PEŠUT Directorate for Forestry, Hunting & Wood Industry, Ministry of Agriculture Neven SZABO National Protection and Rescue Directorate Cyprus Kostas PAPAGEORGIOU Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment Ioannis TOUMASIS Department of Forests Estonia Veljo KÜTT The Estonian Environment Agency Kadi KÕIV Ministry of the Environment Finland Rami RUUSKA Ministry of Interior Department for Rescue Services former Yugoslav Tatjana ANASTASOV Protection and rescue Directorate Republic of Maja TIMOVSKA Department for analysis and research Macedonia France Philippe MICHAUT Ministère de l’Intérieur Direction de la Défense et de la Sécurité Civiles Philippe JOANNELLE Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt, DGPAAT Germany Michaela LACHMANN Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food Greece Eirini ALEXIOU Ministry of Environment and Energy; Directorate General for the Protection and Development of Forests and the Rural Environment Hungary Peter DEBRECENI National Food Chain Safety Office, Forestry Directorate Dániel NAGY Ireland Ciaran NUGENT Forest service Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Italy Daniela PICCOLI Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali Filippo MICILLO Italian Forest Corps Lorenza COLLETTI Marco DI FONZO Fabrizio DI LIBERTO Latvia Edijs LEISAVNIEKS State Forest Service; Forest and Environmental Protection Department Zigmunds JAUNĶIĶIS Lebanon George MITRI University of Balamand Lithuania Zbignev GLAZKO Ministry of Environment Directorate General of State Forests Morocco Fouad ASSALI Service de la protection des forêts Hicham ALAOUI M'HARZI Haut-Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification) Norway Dag BOTNEN Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning Poland Joseph PIWNICKI Forest Research Institute Ryszard SZCZYGIEŁ Forest Fire Protection Department Portugal Marta JANEIRA National Authority for Civil Protection (ANPC) Alexandre BORGES Romania Septimius MARA Ministry of Environment, Waters and Forests Radu SBIRNEA Russian Andrey ERITSOV Aerial Forest Fire Centre of Russian Federation Federation Slovak Rep. Valéria LONGAUEROVÁ National Forest Centre; Forest Research Institute Slovenia Jošt JAKŠA Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment Spain Elsa ENRIQUEZ Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino Área de Defensa Contra Incendios Forestales Sweden Leif SANDAHL Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) Resilience Development and Analysis Department Switzerland Michael REINHARD Federal Office for the Environment Marco CONEDERA MeteoSwiss Boris PEZZATTI WSL Federal Research Institute 4 Table of contents Abstract .............................................................................................................. 6 1. Preface ............................................................................................................ 7 2 FOREST FIRES 2015 ............................................................................................ 8 2.1 Introduction to the 2015 fire season in Europe, Middle East and North Africa ...... 8 2.2 European countries .................................................................................... 8 Austria .............................................................................................. 9 Bulgaria ............................................................................................ 10 Croatia ............................................................................................. 11 Cyprus ............................................................................................. 15 Estonia ............................................................................................. 17 Finland ............................................................................................. 18 France .............................................................................................. 20 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ........................................... 24 Germany .......................................................................................... 25 Greece ............................................................................................. 27 Hungary ........................................................................................... 29 Ireland ............................................................................................. 32 Italy ................................................................................................. 35 Latvia ............................................................................................... 40 Lithuania .......................................................................................... 42 Norway ............................................................................................ 43 Poland .............................................................................................. 45 Portugal ........................................................................................... 50 Romania ........................................................................................... 54 Russian Federation ............................................................................. 56 Slovakia ........................................................................................... 58 Slovenia ........................................................................................... 60 Spain ............................................................................................... 61 Sweden ............................................................................................ 64 Switzerland ....................................................................................... 66 2.3 Comparison of Southern EU Countries with longer time series (1980–2015) ...... 68 2.4 Middle East and North Africa Countries ......................................................... 71 Algeria ............................................................................................. 71 Lebanon ........................................................................................... 75 Morocco............................................................................................ 77 3 THE EUROPEAN FOREST FIRE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EFFIS) ........................................... 84 3.1 EFFIS Danger Forecast: 2015 results ........................................................... 85 3.2 EFFIS Rapid Damage Assessment: 2015 results............................................ 96 3.3 European countries ................................................................................... 99 Albania ............................................................................................. 99 Belgium ............................................................................................ 99 Bosnia-Herzegovina ........................................................................... 99 Bulgaria ...........................................................................................