KITSAULT MINE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Section 13.0 Nisga’a Background and Setting VE51988 KITSAULT MINE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NISGA’A NATION BACKGROUND AND SETTING TABLE OF CONTENTS PART C – NISGA’A NATION RIGHTS AND INTERESTS............................................................... 13-1 13.0 NISGA’A BACKGROUND AND SETTING .......................................................................... 13-3 13.1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 13-3 13.1.1 Regulatory Requirements ........................................................................... 13-3 13.1.2 Information Sources and Methods ............................................................. 13-4 13.1.3 Introduction ................................................................................................. 13-5 13.2 Social Context ......................................................................................................... 13-9 13.2.1 Population and Demographics ................................................................... 13-9 13.2.2 Contemporary Education .......................................................................... 13-10 13.2.3 Infrastructure ............................................................................................ 13-10 13.3 Cultural Context ..................................................................................................... 13-11 13.3.1 Language .................................................................................................. 13-11 13.3.2 Cultural Practices and Customs ............................................................... 13-13 13.3.3 Resource Use ........................................................................................... 13-13 13.4 Economic Context ................................................................................................. 13-15 13.4.1 Major Employment Sectors ...................................................................... 13-15 13.4.2 Labour Force ............................................................................................ 13-15 13.4.3 Unemployment ......................................................................................... 13-17 13.4.4 Occupations .............................................................................................. 13-18 13.4.5 Earnings and Income ................................................................................ 13-20 13.4.6 Educational Attainment............................................................................. 13-22 13.4.7 Skills and Training .................................................................................... 13-24 13.5 Health Context ....................................................................................................... 13-28 13.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-28 13.6 Lands and Areas ................................................................................................... 13-28 13.6.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-28 13.7 Water ..................................................................................................................... 13-29 13.7.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-29 13.8 Forest Resources .................................................................................................. 13-29 13.8.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-29 13.9 Access, Roads and Right-of-Ways ........................................................................ 13-31 13.9.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-31 13.10 Fish and Aquatics .................................................................................................. 13-32 13.10.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-32 13.11 Wildlife and Birds ................................................................................................... 13-37 13.11.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-37 13.12 Nisga’a Lisims Government and Nisga’a Villages ................................................. 13-39 13.12.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-39 13.13 Cultural Artefacts and Heritage ............................................................................. 13-39 13.13.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-39 13.14 Nisga’a Issues Raised During Consultation .......................................................... 13-40 13.14.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 13-40 List of Tables Table 13.1.2-1: Summary of Nisga’a Survey Response by Residence and Method of Survey ............................................................................................................. 13-5 Table 13.1.3-1: Summary of Nisga’a Nation Rights and Interests Related to the Kitsault Mine Site and Access Road ............................................................... 13-8 Table 13.3.1-1: Summary of Nisga’a Language Capability among Nisga’a Citizens ............. 13-11 Version 1.0 VE51988 – Section 13.0 April 2012 TOC 13-i KITSAULT MINE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NISGA’A NATION BACKGROUND AND SETTING Table 13.3.1-2: Comparison on Nisga’a Language Capability Based on Residence ............. 13-12 Table 13.3.1-3: Language Spoken with Children .................................................................... 13-12 Table 13.4.2-1: Labour Force in the Nisga’a Villages, 2006 ................................................... 13-16 Table 13.4.2-2: Nisga’a Employment Status (2011) ............................................................... 13-16 Table 13.4.5-1: Total Income Among Nisga’a Respondents in 2010 ..................................... 13-21 Table 13.4.5-2: Total Income from Government Assistance .................................................. 13-21 Table 13.4.5-3: Change in Personal Income Since 2006 ....................................................... 13-22 Table 13.4.6-1: Post-Secondary Graduation Rates for Nisga’a Citizens, 2008-2009 ............ 13-23 Table 13.4.6-2: Education Levels among Nisga’a Survey Respondents ................................ 13-23 Table 13.4.7-1: Types of Technical Skills Among Nisga’a Respondents ............................... 13-26 Table 13.4.7-2: Types of Vocational Skills Among Nisga’a Respondents .............................. 13-26 Table 13.4.7-3: Types of Professional Skills Among Nisga’a Respondents ........................... 13-27 Table 13.7.1-1: Nisga’a Water Volumes (Schedule C of Chapter 4 in the Nisga’a Final Agreement) .................................................................................................... 13-29 Table 13.10.1-1: Summary of Nisga’a Nation Salmon Allocations per Species ....................... 13-33 Table 13.10.1-2: Nisga’a Nation Allocations and Nisga’a Harvest of Salmon and Steelhead Species ........................................................................................ 13-34 Table 13.10.1-3: Summary of Annual Nisga’a Steelhead Allocation ........................................ 13-35 Table 13.10.1-4: The Number of Sales Permits and Associated Openings ............................. 13-35 Table 13.11.1-1: Nisga’a Nation Wildlife Allocations of Designated Species ........................... 13-37 Table 13.11.1-2: Summary of Available Data on Nisga’a Nation Allocations and Harvest of Designated Species ..................................................................... 13-38 Table 13.14.1-1: Nisga’a Nation Issues Identification and Consultation Activity ...................... 13-40 Table 13.14.1-2: Issues Identification at Nisga’a Nation Urban Locals Open Houses ............. 13-43 List of Figures Figure 13.1.3-1: Nisga’a Lands, Areas, Rights, and Interests ................................................... 13-7 Figure 13.3.3-1: Consumption of Wild Meat, Berries / Plants, and Fish among Nisga’a Survey Respondents Who Live on Nisga’a Lands ........................... 13-14 Figure 13.3.3-2: Consumption of Wild Meat, Berries / Plants, and Fish among Nisga’a Survey Respondents Who Live off Nisga’a Lands ........................... 13-14 Figure 13.4.2-1: Months of Employment among Nisga’a Survey Respondents ...................... 13-17 Figure 13.4.2-2: Activities among Unemployed Nisga’a Respondents .................................... 13-17 Figure 13.4.4-1: Labour Force by Occupation in the Nisga’a Villages, 2006 ........................... 13-18 Figure 13.4.4-2: Type of Occupation among Nisga’a Survey Respondents ............................ 13-19 Figure 13.4.4-3: Experience in Mining Industry Among Nisga’a Respondents ........................ 13-20 Figure 13.4.6-1: Educational Attainment of People Aged 15 Years and Older in the Nisga’a Villages, 2006 ............................................................................. 13-22 Figure 13.4.7-1: