S9086-TW-STM-010/CH-582R2 REVISION 2 NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 582 MOORING AND TOWING DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT B: DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ONLY; ADMINISTRATIVE/OPERATIONAL (30 NOVEMBER 1990). OTHER REQUESTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE REFERRED TO THE NAVAL SEA SYS- TEMS COMMAND (SEA-03P8). WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TECHNICAL DATA WHOSE EXPORT IS RESTRICTED BY THE ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT (TITLE 22, U.S.C., SEC. 2751, ET SEQ.) OR EXECUTIVE ORDER 12470. VIOLATIONS OF THESE EXPORT LAWS ARE SUBJECT TO SEVERE CRIMINAL PENALTIES. DISSEMINATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PROVISIONS OF OPNAVINST 5510.161, REFERENCE (JJ). DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLO- SURE OF CONTENTS OR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DOCUMENT. PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND. 1 DEC 2001 TITLE-1 / (TITLE-2 Blank)@@FIpgtype@@TITLE@@!FIpgtype@@ @@FIpgtype@@TITLE@@!FIpgtype@@ TITLE-2 @@FIpgtype@@BLANK@@!FIpgtype@@ S9086-TW-STM-010/CH-582R2 FOREWORD Mooring and towing systems are an integral part of the design and functionality of all ships. Mooring and towing systems, in conjunction with the anchoring system, provide the full range of ship handling capabilities requisite to execute Naval missions. The purpose of NSTM Chapter 582 is to provide general information con- cerning ship mooring and towing systems in support of Naval operations. Information pertaining to anchoring systems, as related to mooring or towing, is included herein. For more detailed information on anchor handling refer to NSTM Chapter 581, Anchoring. NSTM Chapter 582 is divided into two Parts : Part I for Mooring Systems and Part II for Towing Sys- tems. Part I for Mooring Systems includes general information about mooring systems, a discussion of mooring operations and arrangements, heavy weather mooring guidelines, details about specific mooring equipment, and information on the maintenance, inspection, and testing associated with mooring systems. Part II for Towing Sys- tems is arranged in a similar fashion and includes general information about towing, guidelines and procedures associated with towing systems, details about specific towing equipment, and information on the maintenance and inspection of towing equipment. Appendices at the end of this NSTM Chapter provide additional information, such as a list of references, a glossary of mooring and towing terminology, and detailed procedures considered too specific for inclusion in the main text of this NSTM Chapter. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Ship Systems Engineering Station, Philadelphia PA [NSWCCD-SSES Philadelphia] as the Life Cycle Manager and In-Service Engineering Agent, revised this NSTM Chapter in con- junction with the Cognizant System Engineer at Naval Sea Systems Command. At time of this revision, the Deck Machinery mooring and towing system technical points of contact could be reached at NSWCCD-SSES 9732 (215 897-7327 or 7799 - DSN prefix 443) and NAVSEA 05P8 (202 781-3701 - DSN prefix 326). FOREWORD-1 / (FOREWORD-2 Blank) FOREWORD-2 @@FIpgtype@@BLANK@@!FIpgtype@@ S9086-TW-STM-010/CH-582R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Paragraph Page 582 MOORING AND TOWING ............................... 582-1 PART 1 — MOORING SYSTEMS ........................... 582-1 SECTION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION .............................. 582-1 582-1.1 MOORING OVERVIEW ................................. 582-1 582-1.1.1 MOORING SYSTEMS. ............................. 582-1 582-1.1.2 TYPES OF MOORINGS. ............................ 582-1 582-1.1.3 PURPOSE OF MOORING. ........................... 582-1 582-1.2 SHIP MOORING SYSTEMS ............................... 582-2 582-1.2.1 MOORING SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA. .................. 582-2 582-1.2.1.1 Determination of Mooring Loads. ................. 582-2 582-1.2.1.2 Minimum Design Requirement. .................. 582-2 582-1.2.2 MOORING SERVICE TYPES. ......................... 582-2 582-1.2.2.1 Mooring Service Type I. ...................... 582-2 582-1.2.2.2 Mooring Service Types II & IIA. .................. 582-2 582-1.2.2.3 Mooring Service Type III. ..................... 582-3 582-1.2.2.4 Mooring Service Type IV. ...................... 582-3 582-1.2.3 ACTUAL SYSTEM CAPABILITIES. ...................... 582-3 582-1.2.3.1 Limitations. .............................. 582-4 582-1.2.3.2 Efficiency. .............................. 582-4 582-1.2.3.3 Design Factor. ............................ 582-4 582-1.2.4 MOORING ARRANGEMENTS. ........................ 582-4 582-1.2.4.1 Standard Mooring Arrangements. .................. 582-4 582-1.2.4.2 Improved Mooring Guidelines. ................... 582-4 582-1.2.4.3 Mooring Station Capacity. ..................... 582-4 582-1.2.4.4 Heavy Weather Mooring. ...................... 582-5 582-1.2.5 SHIPBOARD MOORING EQUIPMENT. .................... 582-5 582-1.2.5.1 Mooring Lines and Accessories. .................. 582-5 582-1.2.5.2 Mooring Fittings. .......................... 582-5 582-1.2.5.3 Mooring Machinery. ......................... 582-5 582-1.3 BERTHING FACILITIES ................................. 582-5 582-1.3.1 STRUCTURES. .................................. 582-5 582-1.3.1.1 Piers, Wharves, Docks and Slips. ................. 582-5 582-1.3.1.2 Construction of Wharves and Piers. ................ 582-6 582-1.3.1.3 Mooring Fittings. .......................... 582-6 582-1.3.1.4 Fenders. ................................ 582-6 582-1.3.2 SHORE SERVICES. ............................... 582-6 582-1.3 MOORING OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE AND TRAINING ........... 582-6 582-1.4.1 OPERATIONS. .................................. 582-6 582-1.4.2 MAINTENANCE. ................................. 582-6 582-1.4.3 TRAINING. .................................... 582-7 i S9086-TW-STM-010/CH-582R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 582-1.5 TECHNICAL AUTHORITY ............................... 582-7 582-1.5.1 TECHNICAL AUTHORITY FOR SHIP-BASED MOORING SYSTEMS. 582-7 582-1.5.2 TECHNICAL AUTHORITY FOR SHORE-BASED MOORING SYSTEMS. ......................................... 582-7 582-1.5.3 FOREIGN PORTS OF CALL. .......................... 582-7 SECTION 2. MOORING OPERATIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS ............... 582-8 582-2.1 MOORING CONFIGURATIONS ............................. 582-8 582-2.1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION. .......................... 582-8 582-2.1.2 PIERSIDE MOORING (FIXED MOORINGS). ................ 582-8 582-2.1.2.1 Standard Pierside Moorings. .................... 582-8 582-2.1.2.2 Mediterranean Type Moorings (Med Moor). ........... 582-8 582-2.1.2.3 Spud Mooring. ............................ 582-9 582-2.1.3 MOORING AT SEA (FLEET MOORINGS). .................. 582-9 582-2.1.3.1 Free Swinging Mooring. ......................582-10 582-2.1.3.2 Multiple Point Moorings. ......................582-10 582-2.1.4 VARIATIONS OF AT SEA/PIERSIDE MOORING ..............582-12 582-2.1.4.1 Nested Ship Moorings. .......................582-12 582-2.1.4.2 Heavy Weather Mooring. ......................582-13 582-2.1.4.3 Mooring to an Ice Shelf. ......................582-13 582-2.2 MOORING PHILOSOPHY ................................582-13 582-2.2.1 APPROACHING A BERTH. ...........................582-13 582.2.2.2 MOORING PLAN. ................................582-13 582-2.2.3 BERTHING A SHIP. ...............................582-15 582-2.2.3.1 Assisted Berthing/Ship Maneuvering with Tugboats. .......582-15 582-2.2.3.2 Unassisted Berthing. .........................582-15 582-2.2.4 MAINTAINING A SAFE BERTH. .......................582-15 582-2.2.4.1 Effect of Wind and Current on Mooring Lines. ..........582-15 582-2.2.4.2 Effect of Tide and Ship Displacement on Mooring Line Loads. 582-15 582-2.2.4.3 Monitoring Mooring Lines. .....................582-16 582-2.2.5 LEAVING A BERTH. ...............................582-16 582-2.2.5.1 Single Screw Ship Moored Port Side To and Getting Underway. ...................................582-16 582-2.2.5.2 Single Screw Ship Moored Starboard Side To and Getting Underway. .............................582-16 582-2.2.5.3 Twin or Multiple Screw Ship Getting Underway. .........582-16 582-2.2.6 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON APPROACHING/LEAVING A BERTH......................................582-16 582-2.2.7 FACILITIES. ...................................582-16 582-2.3 PRELIMINARY MOORING PREPARATIONS .....................582-17 582-2.3.1 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS/SHIP BERTH INSPECTIONS. ........582-17 582-2.3.2 SUITABILITY OF MOORING FITTINGS. ..................582-17 582-2.4 LINE HANDLING .....................................582-17 ii S9086-TW-STM-010/CH-582R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 582-2.4.1 LINE HANDLING SAFETY. ..........................582-17 582-2.4.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. ............................582-18 582-2.4.3 COMMANDS FOR THE SHIP’S LINE HANDLERS. ............582-21 582-2.4.4 ARRANGEMENT AND USE OF MOORING LINES. ............582-21 582.2.4.4.1 Effectiveness of Mooring Lines. ..................582-21 582-2.4.5 PREPARING MOORING LINES. ........................582-24 582-2.4.5.1 Heaving Lines. ............................582-24 582-2.4.5.2 Messengers. .............................582-25 582-2.4.6 PASSING AND SECURING MOORING LINES. ...............582-25 582-2.4.6.1 Determining Number of Line Handling Crews needed. .....582-25 582-2.4.6.2 Passing Mooring Lines. .......................582-25 582-2.4.6.3 Securing Mooring Lines to Pier Fittings. .............582-26 582-2.4.6.4 Securing Mooring Lines to Ship Fittings. .............582-26 582-2.4.6.5 Taking Lines to Power. .......................582-27 582-2.4.7