Africa Tobacco Industry Monitoring (ATIM) Country Report: South Africa 6/20/2018 Author: Catherine O. Egbe, PhD Edited by: Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf, PhD CONTENTS GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................... 5 FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Approach/conceptual framework ........................................................................................................ 8 Environmental scan of tobacco industry activities .............................................................................. 8 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Country demographics and economic profile .............................................................................. 11 2.2 The burden of tobacco use ........................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Description of South Africa’s political system ........................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 3: MAPPING THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY .................................................................. 15 3.1 Farming ....................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Manufacturing ............................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Distribution .................................................................................................................................. 17 3.4 Retail ........................................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Marketing .................................................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 4: MAPPING TOBACCO CONTROL LEGISLATIVE EFFORTS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WHO FCTC ............................................................... 21 4.1 Past legislation ............................................................................................................................. 21 4.2 Present ......................................................................................................................................... 31 4.3 Future .......................................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENT SCAN OF TOBACCO INDUSTRY TACTICS ............................ 32 5.1 Tobacco industry lobbying political influence/policy or legislative interference ....................... 32 5.2 Manipulating public opinion including use of ‘CSR’ and extent of media control..................... 35 5.3 Front groups/Third party allies .................................................................................................... 35 5.4 Undermining scientific evidence of the risks of tobacco use ...................................................... 36 ATIM: South Africa 2019 2 5.5 Economic manipulation ............................................................................................................... 36 5.6 Litigation threats or actual legal challenges ................................................................................ 39 5.7 Strategies used to undermine tobacco control in South Africa and counter strategies used by tobacco control advocates .............................................................................................. 39 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 41 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. 41 Acknowledgment .............................................................................................................................. 42 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 43 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................................... 47 APPENDIX 1: Summary of media articles about South Africa’s new tobacco control bill ............. 47 APPENDIX 2: Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in South Africa ......................................................................................................... 55 ATIM: South Africa 2019 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Fitted trends in current tobacco smoking among persons aged 15 years and older ................ 12 Table 2: Tobacco producer organizations and co-operatives in South Africa ...................................... 16 Table 3: Cigarette price band definition (2016) .................................................................................... 17 Table 4: Average cigarette pack price breakdown for 2016 using brand examples (prices in South African Rand) ............................................................................................................... 18 Table 5: Volume of cigarette production, imports, and exports, 2010–2015 ........................................ 20 Table 6: Tobacco control legislation in South Africa ........................................................................... 21 Table 7: Comparison of South Africa’s existing tobacco control law and the FCTC .......................... 25 Table 8: Litigation involving the tobacco industry in South Africa ..................................................... 33 Table 9: Tobacco industry manipulation of public opinion .................................................................. 35 Table 10: Tobacco industry front groups .............................................................................................. 35 Table 11: Tobacco industry activities to undermine science ................................................................ 36 Table 12: Top ten ultra-cheap brands ................................................................................................... 38 Table 13: Nielsen Scantrack cigarette sales data .................................................................................. 39 Table 14: Strategies used to undermine tobacco control in South Africa and counter strategies used by tobacco control advocates ........................................................................................ 39 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: #HandsOffMyChoices campaign by JTI ............................................................................... 14 Figure 2: TISA-organized march against illicit trade ........................................................................... 14 Figure 3: E-cigarette marketing in a shopping mall in South Africa .................................................... 18 Figure 4: Colour packaging for Winston cigarette anticipating the plain legislation on plain packaging ................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 5: Promoting tobacco by promoting an artist, GreatJoy Ndlovu ............................................... 19 Figure 6: ‘Non Smoking Hotel’ sign in a Durban hotel ........................................................................ 22 Figure 7: Smoker puffing a cigarette close to a ‘No Smoking’ sign outside OR Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg .................................................................... 22 Figure 8: Proportion of sales ................................................................................................................. 38 ATIM: South Africa 2019 4 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AMPS All Media and Product Survey ATIM Africa Centre for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research BATSA British American Tobacco South Africa CANSA Cancer Society of South Africa CSO Civil society organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control FITA Fair-Trade Independent Tobacco Association FMF Free Market Foundation GATS Global Adult Tobacco Survey GYTS Global Youth Tobacco Survey HPDF Health Promotion Development Foundation JTI Japan Tobacco International NDoH National Department of Health SADHS South African Demographic and Health Survey SAITA South African Informal Traders Association SANHANES South African National Health and Nutrition Survey SARS South African Revenue Service StatsSA Statistics South Africa TAG Tobacco, Alcohol and