GlaxoSmithKline - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British pharmaceutical company headquartered in Brentford, London. Established in 2000 by a merger of Glaxo Wellcome and GlaxoSmithKline SmithKline Beecham, GSK was the world's sixth largest pharmaceutical company as of 2015, after Pfizer, Novartis, Merck, Hoffmann-La Roche and Sanofi.[n 1][3] Emma Walmsley became CEO on 31 March 2017 and is the first female CEO of the company. The company has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of August 2016 it had a market capitalisation of £81 billion (around $107 billion), the fourth largest on the London Stock Exchange.[4] It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. GSK's drugs and vaccines earned £21.3 billion in 2013.[5] Its top-selling products that year were Advair, Avodart, Flovent, Augmentin, Lovaza and Lamictal. GSK's consumer products, which earned £5.2 billion in 2013, include Sensodyne and Aquafresh toothpaste, the malted-milk drink Horlicks, Abreva for cold sores, Breathe Right nasal strips, Nicoderm and Nicorette nicotine replacements, and Night Nurse, a cold remedy.[6] The company developed the first malaria vaccine, RTS,S, which it said in 2014 it would make available for five percent above cost.[7] Legacy products developed at GSK include several listed in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, such as amoxicillin, mercaptopurine, pyrimethamine and zidovudine. In 2012, GSK pleaded guilty to promotion of drugs for unapproved uses, failure to GSK's head office, Brentford, London TW8 report safety data, and kickbacks to physicians in the United States and agreed to pay a Type Public limited company $3 billion (£1.9bn) settlement, the largest settlement in the country by a drug LSE: GSK company.[8] Traded as (http://www.londonstockexchange.com /exchange/searchengine /search.html?q=GSK) Contents NYSE: GSK (https://www.nyse.com /quote/XNYS:GSK) 1 History FTSE 100 Component 1.1 Glaxo Wellcome Industry Pharmaceutical 1.2 SmithKline Beecham Biotechnology 1.3 GlaxoSmithKline Consumer goods 1.4 Venture arms Predecessor Glaxo plc 2 Research, products Wellcome plc 2.1 Pharmaceuticals Beecham Group plc 2.2 Malaria vaccine Kline & French 2.3 Consumer healthcare Beckman Companies 2.4 Facilities Smith plc 2.5 Scientific recognition 3 Operations and acquisitions since 2001 Founded December 2000 3.1 2001–2010 Headquarters Brentford, London, England, U.K. 3.2 2011–present Area served Worldwide 4 Philanthropy and social responsibility 5 2012 criminal and civil settlement Key people Sir Philip Hampton 5.1 Overview (Chairman) 5.2 Rosiglitazone (Avandia) Emma Walmsley 5.3 Paroxetine (Paxil/Seroxat) (CEO) 5.4 Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Products Pharmaceuticals, vaccines, oral 6 Other controversies healthcare, nutritional products, over- 6.1 Antitrust case over griseofulvin the-counter medicines 6.2 Ribena Revenue £27.889 billion (2016)[1] 6.3 SB Pharmco Puerto Rico Operating [1] 6.4 China £2.598 billion (2016) income 6.5 Market manipulation in the UK [1] 6.6 Miscellaneous Net income £1.062 billion (2016) 7 Diagram of acquisition history Number of 99,300 (2016)[2] 8 See also employees 9 Notes Subsidiaries Stiefel Laboratories 10 References www.gsk.com (http://www.gsk.com/) 11 External links Website History 1 di 14 02/07/17, 14:32 GlaxoSmithKline - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline Glaxo Wellcome Glaxo was founded in the 1850s as a general trading company in Bunnythorpe, New Zealand, by a Londoner, Joseph Edward Nathan.[9] In 1904 it began producing dried-milk baby food, first known as Defiance, then as Glaxo (from lacto), under the slogan "Glaxo builds bonny babies."[10][11]:306[12] The Glaxo Laboratories sign is still visible (right) on what is now a car repair shop on the main street of Bunnythorpe. The company's first pharmaceutical product, produced in 1920, was vitamin D.[11]:306 Glaxo Laboratories opened new units in London in 1935. The company bought two companies, Joseph Nathan and Allen & Hanburys in 1947 and 1958 respectively. The Scottish pharmacologist David Jack was working for Allen & Hanbury's when Glaxo took it over; he went on to lead the company's R&D until 1987.[11]:306 After the company bought Meyer Laboratories in 1978, it began to play an important role in the US market. In 1983 the American arm, Glaxo Inc., moved to Research Triangle Park (US The historic Glaxo factory in Bunnythorpe, New [12] headquarters/research) and Zebulon (US manufacturing) in North Carolina. Zealand, with the Glaxo Laboratories sign still visible Burroughs Wellcome & Company was founded in 1880 in London by the American pharmacists Henry Wellcome and Silas Burroughs. The Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories opened in 1902. In the 1920s Burroughs Wellcome established research and manufacturing facilities in Tuckahoe, New York,[13]:18[14][15] which served as the US headquarters until the company moved to Research Triangle Park in North Carolina in 1971.[16] The Nobel Prize winning scientists Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings worked there and invented drugs still used many years later, such as mercaptopurine.[17] In 1959 the Wellcome Company bought Cooper, McDougall & Robertson Inc to become more active in animal health.[12] Glaxo and Burroughs Wellcome merged in 1995 to form Glaxo Wellcome.[18][11]:309 Glaxo restructured its R&D operation that year, cutting 10,000 jobs worldwide, closing its R&D facility in Beckenham, Kent, and opening a Medicines Research Centre in Stevenage, Hertfordshire.[19][20][21] Also that year, Glaxo Wellcome acquired the California-based Affymax, a leader in the field of combinatorial chemistry.[22] By 1999 Glaxo Wellcome had become the world's third-largest pharmaceutical company by revenues (behind Novartis and Merck), with a global market share of around 4 per cent.[23] Its products included Imigran (for the treatment of migraine), salbutamol (Ventolin) (for the treatment of asthma), Zovirax (for the treatment of coldsores), and Retrovir and Epivir (for the treatment of AIDS). In 1999 the company was the world's largest manufacturer of drugs for the treatment of asthma and HIV/AIDS.[24] It employed 59,000 people, including 13,400 in the UK, had 76 operating companies and 50 manufacturing facilities worldwide, and seven of its products were among the world's top 50 best- selling pharmaceuticals. The company had R&D facilities in Hertfordshire, Kent and London, and manufacturing plants in Scotland and the north of England. It had R&D centres in the US and Japan, and production facilities in the US, Europe and the Far East.[25] SmithKline Beecham In 1843 Thomas Beecham launched his Beecham's Pills laxative in England, giving birth to the Beecham Group. In 1859 Beecham opened its first factory in St Helens, Lancashire. By the 1960s Beecham was extensively involved in pharmaceuticals.[12] John K. Smith opened his first pharmacy in Philadelphia in 1830. In 1865 Mahlon Kline joined the business, which 10 years later became Smith, Kline & Co. In 1891 it merged with French, Richard and Company, and in 1929 changed its name to Smith Kline & French Laboratories as it focused more on research. Years later it bought Norden Laboratories, a business doing research into animal health, and Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques in Belgium in 1963 to focus on vaccines. The company began to expand globally, buying seven laboratories in Canada and the United States in 1969. In 1982 it bought Allergan, a manufacturer of eye and skincare products.[12] SmithKline & French merged with Beckman Inc. in 1982 and changed its name to SmithKline Beckman. In 1988 it bought its biggest competitor, International Clinical Laboratories, and in 1989 merged with Beecham to form SmithKline Beecham Plc. The headquarters moved from the United States to England. To expand R&D in the United States, the company bought a new research center in 1995; another opened in 1997 in England at New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow.[12] Beecham's Clock Tower, constructed 1877, part of the Beecham's factory, St Helens GlaxoSmithKline Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham announced their intention to merge in January 2000. The merger was completed in December that year, forming GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).[26][27] The company's global headquarters are at GSK House, Brentford, London, officially opened in 2002 by then-Prime Minister Tony Blair. The building was erected at a cost of £300 million and as of 2002 was home to 3,000 administrative staff.[28] Venture arms SR One was established in 1985 by SmithKline Beecham to invest in new biotechnology companies and continued operating after GSK was formed; by 2003 GSK had formed another subsidiary, GSK Ventures, to out-license or start new companies around drug candidates that it did 2 di 14 02/07/17, 14:32 GlaxoSmithKline - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline not intend to develop further.[29] As of 2003, SR One tended to invest only if the company aligned with GSK's business.[29] SR One was led by: 1985 to 1999: Peter Sears[30] 1999 to 2001: Brenda Gavin[31] 2001 to 2003: Barbara Dalton[31] 2004 to ? Maxine Gowen[32] ? to ?: Joyce Lonergan[33] ? to ?: Tamar Howson[33] 2008 to 2010: Russell Greig[34] 2010 to 2011: Christoph Westphal[35][33] 2011: Jens Eckstein[36] Research, products Pharmaceuticals GSK manufactures products for major disease areas such as asthma, cancer, infections, diabetes and mental