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Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:6305-10. 4. Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, eds. The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2018. Sperryville, VA: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc. 2018. 5. Grayson ML, Crowe SM, McCarthy JS, et al, eds. Kucers’ the use of antibiotics 6th edition: A Clinical Review of Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Drugs. 2010 CRC Press, Boca Raton FL. 6. Scott LJ. Ceftolozane/tazobactam: a review in complicated intra- abdominal and urinary tract infections. Drugs 2016;76:231-42. 7. Solomkin J, Hershberger E, Miller B, et al. Ceftolozane/tazobactam plus metronidazole for complicated intra-abdominal infections in an era of multidrug resistance: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cIAI). Clin Infect Dis 2015;60:1462-71. 8. Sucher AJ, Chahine EB, Cogan P, et al. Ceftolozane/tazobactam: a new cephalosporin and β-lactamase inhibitor combination. Ann Pharmacother 2015;49:1046-56. 9. Versalovic J, Carroll KC, Funke G, et al. Manual of clinical microbiology, 10th edition, 2011. Washington, DC: ASM Press 2011. 10. Wagenlehner FM, Umeh O, Steenbergen J, et al. Ceftolozane/ tazobactam compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections, including pyelonephritis: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cUTI). Lancet 2015;385:1949-56. 11. Zhanel GG, Chung P, Adam H, et al. Ceftolozane/tazobactam: a novel cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Drugs 2014;74:31- 51. PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ANTIMICROBIALS 1. Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, Rubino CM, et al. Pharmacokinetics- pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy: it’s not just for mice anymore. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:79-86. 2. Andes D. In vivo pharmacodynamics of antifungal drugs in treatment of candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:1179-86. 3. Andes D, vanOgtrop ML, Peng J, et al. In vivo pharmacodynamics of a new oxazolidinone (linezolid). 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Clinical implications of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(suppl 7):S439-47. EXTENDED INTERVAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE DOSING/MONITORING GUIDELINES 1. Ali MZ, Goetz MB. A meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of single daily dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:796-809. 2. Ariano RE. A critical evaluation of “once daily” aminoglycoside therapy. Health Sciences Centre Drug Info Bulletin 1993;15(6). 3. Bailey TC, Little JR, Littenberg B, et al. A meta-analysis of extended- interval dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:786-95. 4. Bates RD, Nahata MC. Once-daily administration of aminoglycosides. Ann Pharmacother 1994;28:757-66. 5. Bertino JS, Rotschafer JC. Editorial response: single daily dosing of aminoglycosides-a concept whose time has not yet come. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:820-23. 6. Blaser J, Konig C, Simmen HP, et al. Monitoring serum concentrations for once-daily netilmicin dosing regimens. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994;33:341-8. 7. Conly JM, Gold W, Shafran SD. Once-daily aminoglycoside dosing: a new look at an old drug. Can J Infect Dis 1994;5:205-6. 8. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG, Giotis ND, Baliatsa DV, et al. Extended- interval aminoglycoside administration for children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2004;114:e111-8. 9. Craig WA. Once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Can J Infect Dis 1994;5:28C-33C. 10. Gilbert DN. Editorial response: meta-analyses are no longer required for determining the efficacy of single daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:816-19. 11. Gilbert DN. Minireview: once-daily aminoglycoside therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991;35:399-405. 12. Hatala R, Dinh T, Cook DJ. Once-daily aminoglycoside dosing in immunocompetent adults: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:717-25. 13. Hatala R, Dinh TT, Cook DJ. 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Nicolau DP, Freeman CD, Belliveau PP, et al. Experience with a once-daily aminoglycoside program administered to 2,184 adult patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:650-5. 21. Prins JM, Buller HR, Kuijper EJ, et al. Once versus thrice daily gentamicin in patients with serious infections. Lancet 1993;341:335-9. 22. Smyth A, Tan KHV, Hyman-Taylor P, et al. Once versus three-times daily regimens of tobramycin treatment for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis - the TOPIC study: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:573-8.VandenBussche HL, Klepser MR. Editorial. Lancet 2005;365:547-8. 23. Sung L, Dupuis LL, Bliss B, et al. Randomized controlled trial of once- versus thrice-daily tobramycin in febrile neutropenic children undergoing stem cell transplantation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1869-77. 24. Tomlinson RJ, Ronghe M, Goodbourne C, et al. Once daily ceftriaxone and gentamicin for the treatment of febrile neutropenia. Arch Dis Child 1999;80:125-31. 25. Zaske DE. Aminoglycosides. In: Evans WE, Schentag JJ, Jusko WJ, eds. Applied pharmacokinetics: principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. Vancouver, WA: Therapeutics; 1992;14:1-47. VANCOMYCIN DOSING/MONITORING GUIDELINES 1. Ariano RE, Fine A, Sitar DS, et al. Adequacy of a vancomycin dosing regimen in patients receiving high-flux hemodialysis. Am J Kid Dis 2005;46:681-7. 2. Bauer LA. Applied Clinical Pharmacokinets. Chapter 5: Vancomycin. McGraw-Hill, 2001. 3. Brown M, Polisetty R, Gracely EJ, et al. Weight based loading of vancomycin in patients on hemodialysis. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:164- 6. 4. Edwards D, Pancorbo S. Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations: waiting for proof of its value. Clin Pharm 1987;6:652- 4. 5. Fekety R. Vancomycin and teicoplanin. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R,