ÌÎÑÊÂÀ «ÊÍÈÃÀ è ÁÈÇÍÅÑ» 2006 MOSCOW “KNIGA & BUSINESS” 2006 УДК 339.545 ББК 65.9(2) К89 Кузнецов В. Н. К89 Foundations of Geoculture: Sociology of Geocultural Dynamics of Security in World 21: Culture-Network = Основания геокультуры: Со- циология геокультурной динамики безопасности в Мире 21: Культу- ра-Сеть / РАН. Ин-т соц.-полит. исслед. М.: Книга и бизнес, 2006. 436 с. На англ. яз. ISBN 5-212-00993-6 Монография представляет итоги практически первых в мировой гуманитарной науке социологических исследований феномена геокультуры как перспективной методологии, как оригинальной теории и новой мировоззренческой парадигмы ХХI века. В книге обоснованы логика и механизм движения от геополитики и геоэкономики к геокультурному подходу. Динамика становления геокультурной парадигмы рассмотрена на примере изучения состояния и перемен уровня обеспе- чения личной, национальной и коллективной безопасности по итогам научно- исследовательских работ и социологических исследований, осуществленных при участии и под руководством автора. УДК 339.545 ББК 65.9(2) © В. Н. Кузнецов, 2006 © Текст на английском языке. Некоммерческая организация “Фонд поддержки исследования проблем “Безопасность ISBN 5-212-00993-6 Евразии”, 2006 CONTENTS List of Tables, Boxes and Figures in the Text ............................... 7 Introduction. Geoculture through Security ...................................15 SECTION I. FORMATION OF GEOCULTURE ...............................29 Chapter 1. Rise and Development of the Subject of Geoculture ...........................................................37 Chapter 2. Contents of the “Geoculture” Phenomenon ............53 Chapter 3. Labor as the Basis of Security...................................61 Chapter 4. Prevention of International Terrorism ......................75 Chapter 5. Sociology of Culture of Security as Sociology of Geoculture ......................................................... 124 SECTION II. THE MEANING OF GEOCULTURE ........................ 157 Chapter 6. The Individual and the Family in the Subject Field of Geoculture ................................................ 171 Chapter 7. Necessity of Dialogue ............................................. 182 Chapter 8. Definiteness of Basic Categories ............................. 198 SECTION III. THE LOGIC OF GEOCULTURAL CHANGES ....... 261 Chapter 9. Sociology of Hope .................................................. 287 Chapter 10. Logistics of the Culture of Prevention ..................... 300 Chapter 11. Dynamics of the Institutionalization of Geoculture .............................................................. 349 SECTION IV. PROBLEMS OF GEOCULTURE ............................. 367 Chapter 12. Intellectual Medium of Geoculture ......................... 382 Contents 6 Chapter 13. The Need to Establish a Scientific School for Studying Problems of Eurasian Security ........... 397 Chapter 14. Possibility and Necessity of a Geocultural Paradigm of the 21st Century................................. 402 Results and Discussion .............................................................. 410 Conclusion. Security as Geoculture ............................................ 415 Glossary .................................................................................... 420 Selected Bibliography ................................................................. 423 About the Author ...................................................................... 435 LIST OF TABLES, BOXES AND FIGURES IN THE TEXT Table 1. The notion of a dream on the basis of an individual’s value orientation ................................................................................... 35 Table 2. What every Kazakh citizen dreams about (depending on the level of education) ....................................................................... 35 Table 3. Are you interested in the historical past of Russia? ...................... 38 Table 4. Which epochs in the history of Russia are you especially interested in? ............................................................................... 38 Table 5. What in the history of Russia are you most interested in? .......... 38 Table 6. Which of the mentioned reforms in the national history of the last centuries, in your opinion, have accelerated progress of Russia, and which haven’t had any historical importance or deterred its development? ........................................................ 39 Table 7. What, in your opinion, will be the image of Russian reforms of the last decade in history and the people’s memory? .............. 39 Table 8. What achievements in the history of Russia, in your opinion, can we be proud of? .................................................................... 40 Table 9. Which events in the history of Russia evoke bitterness and shame? ........................................................................................ 40 Table 10. How do you estimate the place of Russia in the world?............... 41 Table 11. In which spheres of life, in your opinion, has Russia influenced the world development?.............................................. 41 Table 12. Would you like to leave Russia for another country? ................... 42 Table 13. Writers and scientists have had different opinions about the Russian people. Which of the following ones are closer to you? ........................................................................................ 42 Table 14. There are different opinions on the traits of the Russian people character. Which of them do you share? .......................... 43 Table 15. What is more important in the life of a person? ......................... 50 Table 16. What is more important in the life of a society? ......................... 50 Table 17. Structure of values ....................................................................... 51 Table 18. Basic knowledge management elements ....................................... 66 List of Tables, Boxes and Figures in the Text 8 Table 19. Aims and results of knowledge management programmes............ 66 Table 20. Distribution of enterprises with foreign capital in the Tyumen region as of 1998 ......................................................................... 79 Table 21. Number of joint-stock enterprises in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous region ...................................................................... 80 Table 22. Inputs of foreign investors into the authorized capital of enterprises of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous region by the end of 1998 ................................................................................. 80 Table 23. Average registered number of employees without part-timers at joint-stock enterprises of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous region .......................................................................................... 81 Table 24. Salary fund of joint-stock enterprises employees in the Yamal- Nenets autonomous region .......................................................... 81 Table 25. Volume of production of joint-stock enterprises of the Yamal- Nenets autonomous region .......................................................... 82 Table 26. Activity of enterprises and organizations with foreign capital participation in the Tyumen region in 1998—2000 ..................... 82 Table 27. Foreign investments into the economy of the Tyumen region in 1996—2000 (thousand USD) .................................................. 83 Table 28. Volume of investments received from foreign investors in the Tyumen region for 1995—2000 ................................................... 85 Table 29. Distribution of migrants in the Tyumen region in 1997—2000 according to direction of movement ............................................ 86 Table 30. Number of forced migrants and refugees in the Tyumen region in 1993—2000 .................................................................. 87 Table 31. Coefficients of migration growth in the Tyumen region for 1990—2000 (per 10,000 of population) .................................. 87 Table 32. Composition of migrants in the Tyumen region in 2000 ............ 88 Table 33. Migration flows in the Tyumen region: comparison of 1999—2000 ............................................................................. 89 Table 34. Distribution of organizations according to forms of ownership in the Tyumen region as of January 1, 2001............................... 91 Table 35. Distribution of economic subjects in the Tyumen region in accordance with organizational-legal forms as of January 1, 2001 ............................................................................................ 92 Table 36. Registered crimes connected to purchase and sale of drugs, per 100 thousand citizens in the districts of the Tyumen region .......................................................................................... 99 Table 37. In case the social situation in your region is not well, which of the following problems, in your opinion, are most responsible for this? .................................................................. 101 Table 38. How laws on protection of citizens’ social rights are observed in general? ................................................................................ 105 List of Tables, Boxes and Figures in the Text 9 Table 39. Nowadays there are wide disputes on corruption in the state authority bodies. To what extent, in your opinion, are these accusations grounded? ...............................................................