Contents Thanks . 8 Introduction . 9 . Part One: Absolute Beginners, The Way We Were Before The 60s Swung . 11 1 .Lost Supremacy 1945–1950 . 13. 2 .‘Back to the Future’: Push and Run, 1950/51 . 24 . 3 .A Lion Roars in Vienna, 1952 . 28 4 .When the Legend Becomes Fact Print the Legend’: TheMatthews Final . 32 . 5 .‘An Entirely Different Game’: The Magical Magyars . .38 . 6 .Management Styles and Methods During the ’50s . 43. 7 .Team Formations and Tactics in the ’50s . 66. 8 .Coaching and Training Methods in the ’50s . .73 . 9 .Set Play Ruses . .82 . 10 .Balls and Pitches . 85 11 . A Footballer’s Diet in the ’50s . 87 . 12 .Footballers’ Medical Care in the ’50s . 89. 13 .Footballers’ Pay and Conditions of Service in the ’50s . .91 . 14 .Starting Out As a Professional Footballer . 94. 15 .So Much for the ‘Beautiful Game’! Hard Men in the ’50s . 97. 16 .Players’ Contact with Supporters and the Public in the ’50s . 104 17 . Code of Conduct . 105 18 .Relationships with the Press . 106 19 . Moving On . 107. 20 .How the ’50s Game Compares with Today . 110. 21 . The Snarl of the Underdog in the ’50s . 112 22 .Valiant Vale: Port Vale’s Amazing FA Cup Run, 1953/54 . 113 . 23 . The Winter of our Content: York City’s Incredible FA Cup Run, 1954/55 . 120 24 .Anger and After: Teddy Boys in the 50s . 132. 25 .The Busby Babes . 135 26 . Tottenham Hotspur v Manchester United: First Division, 24 November 1956 . 141. 27 .Aston Villa v Manchester United: FA Cup Final, 4 May 1957 142 28 .Arsenal v Manchester United: First Division, 1 February 1958 145 29 .Pen Pictures of the Busby Babes by John Doherty . 147. 30 .Post-Munich Manchester United . 150. 31 . Charlton Athletic v Huddersfield Town: Second Division, 21 December 1957 . 152. 32 .More World Cup Disappointment: 1958 . 154. 33 . Chelsea v Wolverhampton Wanderers: First Division, 30 August 1958 . 157 . 34 . Norwich City: Canary Commotion – City’s Famous 1958/59 FA Cup Run . 161 . 35 . ‘Never Had It So Good’? Bringing on Back the Bad Times . 171. 36 . West Ham United v Huddersfield Town: FA Cup Third Round, 13 January 1960 . 177. Part Two: 1959/60, The Watershed Season . 181 . 37 . The 1959/60 Facts, Figures and Commentary . .183 . Part Three: ‘The Shock of the New’, ‘You Say You Want a Revolution’ . 231 38 .Glory, Glory Hallelujah: Double-Winning Spurs . 233 39 . Tottenham Hotspur v Burnley: First Division, 3 December 1960 235 40 .England’s Spectacular, If Brief, Revival in 1960/61 . 238 41 . Freeing the ‘Soccer Slaves’ . 240 42 .What the ‘Soccer Slaves’ Earned in 1959 . 248 . 43 .‘Beyond the Fringe’: Deference in Retreat . 251 44 .The Rise and Fall of Ipswich Town 1961/62–1963/64 . 254. 45 .The Case For the Defence: 1962/63 . 264 46 .Spurs Conquer Europe: European Cup Winners’ Cup 1963 . 266 47 . Christmas Crackers: the 1963 Boxing Day Goal Rush . .268 . 48 . Preston North End v West Ham United: FA Cup Final, 2 May 1964 . 269. 49 .Liverpool v Arsenal: First Division, 22 August 1964 . 286 50 .Youthquake: ‘My Generation’, 1964 . 289 51 . Alf Ramsey’s World Cup Winning Formula . 292. 52 .Nothing is Real: ‘Tomorrow Never Knows’, 1966 . 297 53 . ‘The Lisbon Lions’: Style Versus Sterility, European Cup Final 1967 . 300. 54 . Blue Moon Rising: Spurs v Manchester City, First Division, 4 May 1968 . 304 55 . ‘Paint It Black’: A Chance Encounter in a Divided Land, 4 May 1968 . 313 56 . Manchester United’s Famous 1968 European Cup Victory in Quotes . 315 57 . ‘Street Fighting Man’: Football Disorder in the ’50s and ’60s . 316 58 . ‘This Is the Modern World’: Coaching, Training, and Tactics at Two ’60s Clubs . 320 . 59 . Northern Exposure: the Decline and Fall of Burnley . 324. 60 . Burnley v West Bromwich Albion: First Division, 21 March 1970 . 330 61 . ‘World Cup Willies’ 1970 . .336 . 62 .Alan Brown: ‘A Man For All Seasons’ . 338 . 63 .Leeds v Everton: First Division, 23 November 1968 . 349. 64 . Liverpool v Wolverhampton Wanderers: First Division, 5 April 1969 . 353. 65 . City Slickers v Country Bumpkins: League Cup Final, 15 March 1969 . 357. 66 .A Rough Guide to Unruly English Football in the ’60s . 361 67 . Chelsea v Leeds United: FA Cup Final, 11 April 1970 . .364 . 68 . The State of English Football During the ’60s from Ten Perspectives . 369 . Last Words . 373 References . .377 . 1 . LOST SUPREMACY 1945–1950 GREAT BRITAIN concluded its part in the Second World War battered, barren and bankrupt . After suffering six years of trauma and hardship its working people were eager for something brighter and fairer, with greater protections against want and disease, better standards of living and improved educational prospects . It was this deep-seated sense of entitlement, aroused by the bleak deprivation of the hungry ’30s, which brought about the Labour landslide of 1945 . On the back of the excited VE Day celebrations, the British public flocked once again to our sad, neglected seaside resorts and turned up in their thousands to watch five vibrant ‘Victory Tests’ of 1945 in which a creaking England cricket side took on a scratch Australian Services XI . Brilliant England batsman Wally Hammond recalled the occasion with uncharacteristic euphoria, ‘There was a feeling of peace and happiness in the air that was very delightful to me . It seemed as though after years in the shadows England was marching into the sunshine again ’. Our cinemas, dance halls, race tracks, athletics stadia, boxing arenas and football and cricket grounds became packed, too, as the grim war years were cast aside with almost febrile glee . Writer and former diplomat Bruce Lockhart exclaimed in 1945, ‘Never have I seen a nation change so quickly from a war mentality to a peace mentality . The war [in the Far East] has disappeared from the news . Sport and the election now fill the front pages .’ But the carefree mood did not last long . The country was £3bn in debt . Capital and overseas investments had taken huge hits . The nation’s infrastructure was in tatters . Bombed-out housing had to be replaced . With servicemen returning to their estranged families and 13 AN END OF Innocence the first wave of ‘baby boomers’ voicing their needs, an enormous and urgent housing shortage had to be addressed . As an emergency response, 30,000 prefabricated dwellings were erected from kits financed by United States subsidies under the Lease- Lend programme . When that programme ceased in 1945, Britain had to cadge another £4bn loan to meet its ‘financial Dunkirk’, as John Maynard Keynes aptly put it . This was not charity . With the Cold War pressing ever closer, the Americans needed Britain to maintain its position as head of the Commonwealth to help stem the spread of international communism . In a statement resonant of Britain today, Labour minister Herbert Morrison declared, ‘We are in danger of paying more than we can afford for defences that are nevertheless inadequate, or even illusory ’. Yet it was in this anti-communist capacity that Britain obtained additional American funding, via the Marshall Plan, to pay for its Welfare State reforms . This loan was not repaid until 2006 . Pumped up with wartime heroics, Britain professed to be a world power still, despite its increasing reliance upon US financial support . While its leading politicians attended world summit conferences, its servicemen undertook global policing duties in Malaya, the Mediterranean and the Middle East . The Berlin blockade was defied, and a further global conflict was in prospect in Korea . Meanwhile, Britain struggled to make and pay its way . Industrial production needed to be modernised, diversified, and expanded to deal with the vast balance of payments deficit . The state of British agriculture was dismally primitive . Almost 80 per cent of West Country farms lacked electrical power . Milking was done mostly by hand . The situation was scarcely better closer to London where only 50 per cent of farms had electricity . With home-produced food needed for export to help repay the huge national debt, a depressingly long list of rationed items was retained until the ’50s . The railway network was in a decrepit state . But the railway companies found the remedial costs too high, so the government stepped in . As radical as the Welfare State reforms were, they had to be delivered on the cheap . The ascetic-looking Stafford Cripps seemed to epitomise the Labour government’s grating exhortations of self-denial . David Lean’s Brief Encounter was on-message . Family duty came before affairs of the heart . Morale was worse than during 14 LOST SUPREMACY 1945–1950 the war years, not helped by the arctic winter of 1947 . Coal was short, so were other fuel and food supplies . Production halted, household pipes and geysers froze, and the shivering occupants went to bed in heavy clothes and balaclavas . This was the scene as the country returned to its sporting life . If the VE- and VJ-celebrating crowds thought that a British military victory would translate into sporting success they were much mistaken . After all, the war had not been won by Britain’s efforts alone . Without the colossal resources supplied by the USA, USSR and, indeed, the British Commonwealth, this nation’s brave, lone stand in 1940 would not have been converted into collective victory . Unabashed, London successfully laid on a cheap and cheerful ‘Austerity’ Olympics in 1948 in which ‘Team GB’ gained four medals . As if there was any doubt that taking part took precedence over winning, one of our sprinters replied to a question about his training regime with, ‘Train? I just stubbed out my cigarette and ran ’. Not that such self-deprecation inhibited the jaunty Pathé news team who flew the patriotic flag in Britain’s smoky cinemas .