wh07_te_ch05_s01_na_s.fm Page 150 Tuesday, January 16, 2007 12:32wh07_se_ch05_s01_s.fm PM Page 150 Thursday, November 16, 2006 4:40 PM Roman father and son Step-by-Step WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO SECTION Instruction 1 A Proud Son Speaks of His Father If my character is flawed by a few minor faults, but is other- Objectives “ wise decent and moral, if you can point out only a few scat- As you teach this section, keep students tered blemishes on an otherwise immaculate surface, . if I focused on the following objectives to help live a virtuous life, . my father deserves all the credit. For them answer the Section Focus Question although he was a poor man, with only an infertile plot of and master core content. 1 land, he was not content to send me to [the school in his 1 home town]. My father had the courage to take his boy ■ Describe the physical and cultural set- to Rome, to have him taught the same skills which any tings in which Roman civilization equestrian [rider of horses] or senator would have his sons arose. taught. I could never be ashamed of such a father, nor ■ Outline how the Roman republic was do I feel any need, as many people do, to apologize for structured and governed. being a freedman’s [former slave’s] son. —Horace, Roman poet ” ■ Understand the rights and religious practices that characterized Roman Focus Question What values formed the basis of Roman society. society and government? ■ Explain how the Roman republic grew and maintained its conquests. The Roman World Takes Shape Prepare to Read Objectives Rome began as a small city in Italy and became a ruler of the Med- • Describe the physical and cultural settings in iterranean and beyond. The story of the Romans and how they Build Background Knowledge L3 which Roman civilization arose. built a world empire begins with the land in which they lived. Remind students of the ways in which • Outline how the Roman republic was structured geography influenced the development of and governed. Roman Civilization Arises in Italy • Understand the rights and religious practices independent Greek city-states. Encourage The Italian peninsula is centrally located in the Mediterranean them to preview the map in this section. that characterized Roman society. • Explain how the Roman republic grew and Sea, and the city of Rome sits toward the center of Italy. This loca- maintained its conquests. tion would benefit the Romans as they expanded—first within Set a Purpose L3 Italy and then into the lands bordering the Mediterranean. Terms, People, and Places ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection WITNESS HISTORY Unifying the Lands of Italy Because of its geography, Italy Etruscans plebeian aloud or play the audio. proved much easier to unify than Greece. Unlike Greece, Italy is republic tribune not broken up into small, isolated valleys. In addition, the Apen- AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, patrician veto A Proud Son Speaks of His Father consul legion nine Mountains, which run down the length of the Italian penin- sula, are less rugged than the mountains of Greece. Finally, Italy Ask What virtues or traits does dictator has broad, fertile plains in the north and the west. These plains Horace value in himself? (decency, supported the growing population. morality) Why is Horace proud of his father? (He showed courage, he Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects For Early Peoples Settle Italy By about 800 B.C., the ancestors of was willing to disregard what others each red heading, fill in a cause-and-effect chart like the Romans, called the Latins, migrated into Italy. The Latins settled might think to do what he thought the one below to identify the cause(s) and the along the Tiber River in small villages scattered over seven low- was right.) effect(s) of an important event that you read about. lying hills. There, they herded and farmed. Their villages would in time grow together into Rome, the city on seven hills. Legend held ■ Focus Point out the Section Focus Cause(s) Event Effect(s) that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, had founded the city. Question and write it on the board. Romans regarded this tale highly because the twins were said to Tell students to refer to this question be sons of a Latin woman and the war god Mars, lending the as they read. (Answer appears with Romans a divine origin. Section 1 Assessment answers.) ■ Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Vocabulary Builder Terms, People, and Places. ■ Reading Skill Have students use the Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use word from this section. Reading Strategy: Supporting Details Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 88; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook p. 3 worksheet. High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 89 dominate, p. 153 vt. to have authority over The club president dominated the discussion of the rules and did not allow others to express their opinions. 150 Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity wh07_se_ch05_s01_s.fmwh07_te_ch05_s01_na_s.fm Page 151 Thursday, Page 151 April Tuesday, 6, 2006 3:49 April PM 18, 2006 3:19 PM For: Audio guided tour ■ Ancient Italy About 500 B.C. Web Code: nap-0511 Have students read this section using the Paragraph Shrinking P S Map Skills At the time the state of strategy (TE, p. T20). As they read, A L Po River Rome was founded, the Romans’ many have students fill in the chart 45° N neighbors on the Italian peninsula Genoa Rubicon describing the causes and effects of River included other speakers of Italic lan- A important events from this section. Arno P er E Riv T N guages such as Latin. i Reading and Note Taking b N e Adriatic Sea r I 1. Locate (a) Rome (b) Apennine N R E Study Guide, p. 48 i ve M Mountains (c) Mediterranean Sea Corsica r T N S. (d) Carthage (e) Tiber River Alalia Rome W E 2. Region Based on this map, which group would you think most influ- Teach S Sardinia enced the Romans? Explain. 40° N Tyrrhenian 3. Make Generalizations What do Roman Civilization L3 Sea 20° E you think are some advantages and disadvantages of living near a variety Arises in Italy M Ionian e d Sea of different peoples? i t e Instruct r r Sicily 10° E a n °E e a Syracuse Conic Projection ■ Introduce Have students note how n 050 100 mi Carthage S e a Rome’s geography is different from that 050 100 km of Greece. ■ AFRICA Carthaginians Teach Ask students to describe Italy’s 35° N Etruscans geographic advantages. Ask In what Greeks Italic-speaking peoples ways was Rome’s location an 15° E advantage? (centrally located on a peninsula in the Mediterranean) What other geographic advantages did The Romans shared the Italian peninsula with other peoples. Among Italy possess? (access to the Mediter- them were Greek colonists whose city-states dotted southern Italy and ranean Sea, broad, fertile plains well the Etruscans, who lived mostly north of Rome. The origins of the suited to agriculture, providing ample Etruscan civilization are uncertain. One theory says they migrated from crops for population growth) Asia Minor, while another suggests they came from the Alps. What is cer- ■ Quick Activity Have students fill in tain is that, for a time, the Etruscans ruled much of central Italy, includ- The Roman god Jupiter, whose traits the Outline Map Ancient Italy. ing Rome itself. resembled those of Tinia, an important The Romans learned much from Etruscan civilization. They adapted Etruscan god Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 95 the alphabet that the Etruscans had earlier acquired from the Greeks. The Romans also learned from the Etruscans to use the arch in construc- Independent Practice tion, and they adapted Etruscan engineering techniques to drain the marshy lands along the Tiber. As well, the Romans adopted some Etrus- ■ Have students access Web Code nap- can gods and goddesses and merged them with Roman deities. 0511 to take the Geography Interac- tive Audio Guided Tour and then How did geography influence the origins and answer the map skills questions in expansion of Rome? the text. ■ Have students write a paragraph The Romans Establish a Republic speculating on which city was in a The Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler in 509 B.C. This date is tradi- better position to control trade on the tionally considered to mark the founding of the Roman state, which Mediterranean—Carthage or Rome. would last for 500 years. The Romans established their state with a form of government called in Latin a res publica, or “that which belongs to the people.” In this form of government, which today we call a republic, the Monitor Progress people chose some of the officials. A republic, Romans thought, would pre- As students fill in their charts, make sure vent any individual from gaining too much power. they understand that most events have multiple causes and effects. For a com- pleted version of the chart, see Note Taking Transparencies, 67 History Background Etruscan Civilization Although few Etruscan homes. Tombs often had one or more rooms made of Answers houses have survived, thousands of ancient Etruscan stone that contained Etruscan works of art. By exam- Italy had a favorable central location in the tombs remain intact. The Etruscans believed tombs ining the tomb artifacts and the construction of these Mediterranean on a peninsula and broad were the dwelling places of the dead, so they built rooms, archaeologists have learned a great deal about fertile plains suitable for farming.