APPENDIX 2.1 Northeast Terrestrial and Aquatic Habitat Descriptions Christopher Tracey ▪ Western Pennsylvania Conservancy | Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program Table of Contents Terrestrial Habitat Descriptions............................................................................................................ 4 Acidic Cliff and Talus ............................................................................................................................. 6 Calcareous Cliff and Talus ..................................................................................................................... 8 Circumneutral Cliff and Talus ............................................................................................................. 10 Great Lakes Dune and Swale .............................................................................................................. 12 Laurentian-Acadian Freshwater Marsh .............................................................................................. 14 North-Central Appalachian Large River Floodplain ............................................................................ 17 North-Central Interior Large River Floodplain ................................................................................... 19 Laurentian-Acadian Wet Meadow-Shrub Swamp .............................................................................. 21 Appalachian Shale Barrens ................................................................................................................. 24 Central Appalachian Alkaline Glade and Woodland .......................................................................... 26 Eastern Serpentine Woodland ........................................................................................................... 29 Allegheny-Cumberland Dry Oak Forest and Woodland ..................................................................... 32 Central Appalachian Dry Oak-Pine Forest ........................................................................................... 34 Central Appalachian Pine-Oak Rocky Woodland ................................................................................ 37 North Atlantic Coastal Plain Hardwood Forest .................................................................................. 39 Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest ...................................................................................... 41 Southern Appalachian Montane Pine Forest and Woodland ............................................................ 47 Appalachian (Hemlock)-Northern Hardwood Forest ......................................................................... 49 Laurentian-Acadian Northern Hardwood Forest ................................................................................ 56 Laurentian-Acadian Pine-Hemlock- Hardwood Forest ...................................................................... 58 North-Central Interior Beech-Maple Forest ....................................................................................... 60 South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest ......................................................................................... 62 Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain Mesic Hardwood Forest .................................................................. 64 Central Interior Highlands and Appalachian Sinkhole and Depression Pond .................................... 66 North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods................................................................................................ 68 North Atlantic Coastal Plain Basin Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest .............................................. 70 High Allegheny Headwater Wetland .................................................................................................. 72 North-Central Appalachian Acidic Swamp ......................................................................................... 74 North-Central Interior and Appalachian Rich Swamp ........................................................................ 79 Northern Appalachian-Acadian Conifer-Hardwood Acidic Swamp .................................................... 81 North Atlantic Coastal Plain Tidal Swamp .......................................................................................... 83 North-Central Interior and Appalachian Acidic Peatland ................................................................... 85 North Atlantic Coastal Plain Tidal Salt Marsh ..................................................................................... 88 Shrubland & grassland (NLCD 52/71) ................................................................................................. 90 Subterranean Habitats ........................................................................................................................ 92 Developed (NLCD 21-24 & 31) ............................................................................................................ 94 Agriculture (NLCD 81-82) .................................................................................................................... 97 Lotic Aquatic Habitat Descriptions .................................................................................................... 100 High Gradient, Cold, Headwaters and Creeks .................................................................................. 102 High Gradient, Cool, Headwaters and Creeks ................................................................................... 104 High Gradient, Warm, Headwaters and Creeks ................................................................................ 107 Moderate Gradient, Cold, Headwaters and Creeks .......................................................................... 109 Moderate Gradient, Cool, Headwaters and Creeks .......................................................................... 111 Moderate Gradient, Warm, Headwaters and Creeks ....................................................................... 114 Low Gradient, Cool, Headwaters and Creeks ................................................................................... 116 Low Gradient, Warm, Headwaters and Creeks ................................................................................. 119 Moderate Gradient, Cool, Small River ............................................................................................. 122 Moderate Gradient, Warm, Small River ........................................................................................... 125 Low Gradient, Cool, Small River ....................................................................................................... 127 Low Gradient, Warm, Small River .................................................................................................... 130 Cool, Medium River .......................................................................................................................... 132 Warm, Medium River ....................................................................................................................... 134 Warm, Large River ............................................................................................................................ 137 Tidal Headwaters and Creeks ........................................................................................................... 141 Tidal Small and Medium River .......................................................................................................... 143 Tidal Large River ................................................................................................................................ 145 Lentic Aquatic Habitat Descriptions.................................................................................................. 147 Oligotrophic, Medium Alkalinity Lake ............................................................................................... 148 Oligotrophic, Low Alkalinity Lake ...................................................................................................... 149 Mesotrophic, High Alkalinity Lake .................................................................................................... 150 Mesotrophic, Medium Alkalinity Lake .............................................................................................. 152 2 Appendix 2.1 Mesotrophic, Low Alkalinity Lake ..................................................................................................... 154 Eutrophic, High Alkalinity Lake ......................................................................................................... 156 Eutrophic, Medium Alkalinity Lake ................................................................................................... 157 Eutrophic, Low Alkalinity Lake .......................................................................................................... 159 Hypereutrophic, High Alkalinity Lake ................................................................................................ 160 Hypereutrophic, Medium Alkalinity Lake ......................................................................................... 162 Unclassifiable Lake ............................................................................................................................ 163 3 Appendix 2.1 Terrestrial Habitat Descriptions The following habitat guides are organized first by Formation, then by Macrogroup and habitats