NORMAN MARST Taxonomic Study of the Known Pupae of the Genus Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in North and South A America SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 100 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." 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These publications are distributed by subscription to libraries, laboratories, and other in- terested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 100 Norman Marston TaXOIlOmic Study of the Known Pupae of the Genus Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in North and South America/ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1971 ABSTRACT Norman Marston. Taxonomic Study of the Known Pupae of the Genus Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in North and South America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 100, 18 pages, 1971.—The pupae of fourteen species in the cephus, oedipus, and tigrinus groups of the genus Anthrax are described, and a key is given to separate these and four other species in the albofasciatus and trimaculatus groups. Photographs illustrate the cephalic and anal tubercles of sixteen species. Contribution No. 896, Department of Entomology, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cento (paper cover) Norman Marston Taxonomic Study of the Known Pupae of the Genus Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in North and South America Introduction pletely (Townsend, 1893; Malloch, 1915; Malloch, 1917; Brooks, 1952) due to lack of closely related For several years I have been studying the taxonomy species for comparison. of adults of the genus Anthrax Scopoli. During this In this study descriptions are given for fourteen time a number of reared specimens associated with the species in the cephus, oedipus, and tigrinus groups, pupal skins have been assembled. Since very little in- together with a key to these and the four species of formation is available in the literature on the taxonomy the albofasciatus and trimaculatus groups described of Bombyliid pupae, descriptions of the available pupae previously. Photographs illustrate the cephalic and and a key for their separation are here published. anal tubercles of sixteen of the species. I am grateful to the various institutions and indi- viduals listed in my previous papers (1962, 1970) for the loan of specimens for study, and to Dr. Carl W. Taxonomic Characters Rettenmeyer for photographic help. The work was Pupae of species of Anthrax possess many excellent supported in part by National Science Foundation diagnostic characters. Particularly, consistent variation Grant G21291 to Dr. R. H. Painter and by Kansas between each species has been noted in the shapes of Agricultural Experiment Station Project 546. cephalic and anal tubercles (see plates). Interspecific A previous study (Marston, 1964) dealing with the variations involve primarily forms of tubercles and biology of the Anthrax species of the albofasciatus and their spatial relationships. No attempt was made to trimaculatus groups included descriptions and keys to compare relative lengths of tubercles, as specimens the pupae of four species. Otherwise, the only key to emerging through hard clay or similar materials have pupae of Anthrax is that of Malloch (1917) which abraded tubercles. The anterior and posterior facial separates four species (under Spogostylum Macquart tubercles (on the long, narrow sclerite on the ventral and Argyramoeba Schiner) along with species in other surface of the head) also vary between species. genera. Several species have been described incom- The cephalic tubercles are peculiarly modified in the two species representing the tigrinus group. The two Norman Marston, Biological Control of Insects Research sets of tubercles are broadly separated mesally, rather Laboratory, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Re- than united on a common, raised cephalic area as in search Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Post Office Box A, Columbia, Missouri 65201 other groups. Also, the tubercles are broad basally and 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Table 1.—Spines and Setae on Pupal Skins of Anthrax (Number of Skins Examined Shown in Parentheses). Segment I II III IV V VI VII VIII I II III IV V VI VII VIII Tergal spines Anthrax tigrinus (DeGeer) (3) Anthrax koebelei Marston [4) Tergal spines - 16-21 12-18 13-16 10-14 10-12 5-7 - - 10-11 9-11 8 6-8 6 6-7 2 Tergal setae 25-29 17-20 17-18 17-18 14-18 14-16 14 10-15 7 6-7 7 6-7 6 5-6 5 1 5-6 4-5 5-7 5-7 5-6 5-8 4-8 3 Pleural setae 13-17 1 1-2 1-3 2-3 3-5 3-5 2-3 3 3 3-4 2-3 Sternal setae 1 1 Anthrax xylocopae Marston (2) Anthrax irroratus irroratus Say (6) Tergal spines - 14 11-14 11-12 11 11-13 7-8 - - 11-13 11-12 10-12 9-10 - - - Tergal setae 27-30 26-27 27 24-25 21-23 21 17-18 - 9-15 9-14 9-13 9-14 8-14 10-13 7-11 0-4 Pleural setae 13-14 4-5 3-5 4 3-5 4-5 4 1 7-13 8-16 8-16 7-13 6-13 7-14 5-12 3-7 Sternal setae - 3-4 3-4 2-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 - - 3-4 3-7 3-8 2-7 2-8 3-7 - Anthrax pluricellus Williston (11) Anthrax cintalpa Cole (4) Tergal spines - 12-16 11-14 9-13 8-11 8-11 10-11 4-9 - 15-16 13-14 13-14 9-10 - - - Tergal setae 22-28 11-12 12-16 12-15 10-12 9-13 10-14 - 13-15 13-16 12-18 11-21 11-21 14-26 11-31 6-15 Pleural setae 15-16 16-22 17-20 15-20 11-20 12-17 13-16 2-4 10-13 16-24 13-22 IS-24 14-31 14-27 13-27 4-13 Sternal setae - 6-9 10-12 8-10 6-11 7-10 8-12 2-5 - 4-7 6-8 6-9 5-8 5-8 6-12 10 Anthrax aterrimus (Bigot) (26) Anthrax peruvianus Marston (3) Tergal spines - 14-18 14-20 12-17 10-13 9-11 7-10 3-4 - 13 13 12-14 10-12 - - - Tergal setae 15-31 10-17 11-21 11-15 11-19 9-17 8-12 - 14-15 10 11-12 11-12 10-11 14 11 4 Pleural setae 12-25 12-30 10-33 10-34 10-24 11-24 7-20 2-7 10-12 15-18 16-17 16-20 16 15 12-13 4-6 Sternal setae - 7-20 10-26 6-19 6-16 6-12 3-7 2-3 - 4-7 7 6 6-7 7 6 1-3 Anthrax argyropygus argyropygus Wiedemann (27) Anthrax cordillerensis Marston (1) Tergal spines - 12-16 13-14 11-13 8-11 6-11 8-10 4 - 15 15 14 12 8 - - Tergal setae 11-20 10-11 9-12 8-12 8-10 8-11 8-11 - 9-10 10-12 8-12 9-10 8-9 9-10 10 4 Pleural setae 6-16 7-16 7-17 7-15 6-14 6-13 5-15 1-6 10-11 15-19 16 12-15 13-14 12-14 11 3 Sternal setae - 5-10 7-12 4-8 3-10 4-8 4-10 3 - 7 7-8 4-6 6 5-7 6 1 Anthrax hyalacrus Wiedemann (2) Anthrax melanopogon (Bigot) (1) Tergal spines - 12-13 10-12 10 8 6-8 7-8 3-4 - 15 15 11 7 - - - Tergal setae 11 9-14 10-11 10-13 10-12 8-10 7-9 1 15 11 14 13 12 13 10 2 Pleural setae 5-10 15 7-9 12-15 15-16 11-15 10-11 3-4 16 18 19 15 14 11 12 6 Sternal setae - 6-7 8 12 8-10 7-9 6-8 2-3 - 9 10 9 10 9 6 - Anthrax analis Say (1) Anthrax atriplex Marston (2) Tergal spines - 11 11 11 6 4 1 1-2 - 16-17 14-15 13-15 11-12 - - - Tergal setae 8 5-6 6 7 6 6 5-6 - 20-24 13 11-14 12-15 13-17 15-17 12-16 5-7 Pleural setae 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1-2 25-27 24-27 25-27 23-24 19-23 21 16-17 4-5 Sternal setae - 5 4-5 4 3 3 3 - - 9-15 12-14 16-17 11-13 10-11 8-10 3 NUMBER 100 broadly rounded apically, except for the anterior pair In the species representing the cephus group, setae in A.