Data Collection Survey on E-waste Management in Malaysia and Surrounding Countries Final Report Asia Region Data Collection Survey on E-waste Management in Malaysia and Surrounding Countries Final Report July 2014 July 2014 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) EX Research Institute Ltd. GE JR 14-142 2 英文 088974.1302.26.7.28 作業；藤川 Target Countries of the Field Survey in the Study Source: United Nations (http://www.un.org/depts/Cartographic/map/profile/seasia.pdf) Malaysia Area: Approx. 330,000 km2 Population: 29.33 million (2012) Kingdom of Thailand Area: 514,000 km2 Population: 65.931 million (2010) Republic of Indonesia 2 Area: Approx. 1.89 million km Population: Approx. 247 million (2012) Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, Regional Affairs (http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/asia.html) Currency Exchange Rates USA Malaysia Thailand Indonesia (USD) (MR) (THB) (IDR) Japan (JPY) 103.41 31.623 3.135 0.00845 Source: JICA (July) http://www.jica.go.jp/announce/manual/form/consul_g/ku57pq00000kzv7m-att/rate_2014.pdf Table of Contents 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Fundamental Issues Relating to the Study .................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Related Authorities of the Counterpart Countries ................................................................... 2 1.3.3 Survey Items ........................................................................................................................... 2 2 SURVEY WORK DESCRIPTION ........................................................................ 3 3 CURRENT STATE OF E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE TARGETED COUNTRIES ................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Malaysia ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.1 Regulations, Policy and Institutions ........................................................................................ 5 3.1.2 Current status of Developing Household Generated E-waste Management Regulations ...... 11 3.1.3 Material Flow ........................................................................................................................ 19 3.1.4 Efforts of Stakeholders .......................................................................................................... 33 3.1.5 Introduction of Technologies and Infrastructure Development ............................................. 39 3.1.6 Economic Measures .............................................................................................................. 47 3.1.7 Social Responses ................................................................................................................... 48 3.2 Thailand ....................................................................................................................................... 53 3.2.1 Regulations, Policy and Institutions ...................................................................................... 53 3.2.2 Material Flow ........................................................................................................................ 61 3.2.3 Efforts of the Stakeholders .................................................................................................... 76 3.2.4 Introduction of Technologies and Infrastructure Development ............................................. 87 3.2.5 Economic Measures .............................................................................................................. 95 3.2.6 Social Responses ................................................................................................................... 96 3.3 Indonesia .................................................................................................................................... 102 3.3.1 Regulations, Policy and Institutions .................................................................................... 102 3.3.2 Material Flow ....................................................................................................................... 112 3.3.3 Activities of the Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 121 3.3.4 Introduction of Technologies and Infrastructure Development ........................................... 122 3.3.5 Economic Measures ............................................................................................................ 132 3.3.6 Social Responses ................................................................................................................. 133 3.3.7 E-waste Management Framework in Indonesia .................................................................. 134 3.4 Other (Singapore) ...................................................................................................................... 138 3.4.1 Assessment of the Pilot Project by the Manufacturers ........................................................ 138 3.4.2 Proposal of the Manufacturers regarding the Proposed Legislation .................................... 140 3.4.3 State of Establishment of Recycling Infrastructure ............................................................. 141 4 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY RESULTS ......................................................... 145 4.1 Malaysia ..................................................................................................................................... 145 4.1.1 Present Condition ................................................................................................................ 145 4.1.2 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 146 4.2 Thailand ..................................................................................................................................... 148 4.2.1 Present Condition ................................................................................................................ 148 4.2.2 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 150 4.3 Indonesia .................................................................................................................................... 152 4.3.1 Present Condition ................................................................................................................ 152 4.3.2 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 153 4.4 Summary and Comparison ....................................................................................................... 155 5 IDENTIFYING THE PRESENT CONDITION AFTER THE COMPLETION OF PILOT PROJECT IN PENANG AND CHALLENGES FOUND IN PROMOTING SIMILAR EXPERIENCE IN OTHER AREAS ............................ 157 5.1 Present Condition after the Completion of the Pilot Project ................................................. 157 5.1.1 Viewpoint 1: Current State of Take-back of E-waste (Primary Collection) ........................ 158 5.1.2 Viewpoint 2: State of Handing over of the Collected E-waste ............................................ 160 5.1.3 Viewpoint 3: Measures to Promote Collection ................................................................... 162 5.1.4 Viewpoint 4: Involvement of the Stakeholders (Manufacturers) ........................................ 164 5.1.5 Viewpoint 5: Management of the system by the government (after the completion of the PP) 165 5.2 Assessment of the Continued Project in Penang ..................................................................... 169 5.2.1 Present condition ................................................................................................................. 169 5.2.2 Analysis on issues found in the result of Pilot project ........................................................ 169 5.3 Promoting Penang Experience to Other States ....................................................................... 170 5.3.1 Present condition of promoting Penang Experience ........................................................... 170 6 ACTIONS TOWARDS THE IMPROVEMENT OF E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA ............................................................................ 174 6.1 Proposed Action for Improvement of E-waste Management in Malaysia ............................ 174 6.1.1 Proposal for promoting sustainable E-waste collection and environmentally sound recycling 174 6.1.2 Proposal for promoting sustainable E-waste collection and environmentally sound recycling by involving manufacturers ................................................................................................................. 185 6.2 JICA Cooperation Future Way Forward ...............................................................................