Over the past six decades, United Nations peacekeeping has evolved into a complex, global undertaking. During this time, the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations has been guided by a largely unwritten body of principles and informed by the experiences of the many thousands of men and women who have served in the more than 60 operations launched since 1948. This document captures these experiences for the benefit and guidance of planners and practitioners of United Nations peacekeeping operations. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Principles and Guidelines 2008 Over the past six decades, United Nations peacekeeping has evolved into a complex, global undertaking. During this time, conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations has been guided by a largely unwritten body of principles and informed by the experiences of the many thousands of men and women who have served in the more than 60 operations launched since 1948. This document captures these experiences for the benefit and guidance of planners and practitioners of United Nations peacekeeping operations. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Principles and Guidelines 2008 United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Principles and Guidelines United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations Department of Field Support Credits Contents Peacekeeping Best Practices Section Foreword Jean-Marie Guéhenno ........................................................................................................................... 6 Division of Policy, Evaluation and Training Department of Peacekeeping Operations Introduction Scope and Purpose of the Document .................................................................. 8 United Nations Secretariat One UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 PART I: THE EVOLUTION OF UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING Tel. 212 963 1234 Chapter 1 The Normative Framework for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations ............................................................................................. 13 Approved by J.-M. Guéhenno, USG/DPKO 1.1 The Charter of the United Nations .............................................................................................. 13 Approved on 18 January 2008 1.2 Human Rights ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 Contact: PBPS/D-PET 1.3 International Humanitarian Law ................................................................................................... 15 Review date: January 2010 1.4 Security Council Mandates .................................................................................................................... 16 © United Nations 2008. This publication enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 Chapter 2 The Evolving Role of United Nations of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, governmental authori- Peacekeeping Operations ............................................................................................................................................. 17 ties or Member States may freely photocopy any part of this publication for exclusive use within their training institutes. However, no portion of 2.1 The Spectrum of Peace and Security Activities ........................................................ 17 this publication may be reproduced for sale or mass publication without 2.2 Linkages and Grey Areas ......................................................................................................................... 18 the express consent, in writing, of the Peacekeeping Best Practices Section, 2.3 The Core Business of United Nations United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Peacekeeping Operations .................................................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Peacebuilding Activities ............................................................................................................................. 25 Design and layout: Rick Jones ([email protected]) 2.5 Supporting Other Actors ........................................................................................................................... 29 2 | UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS CONTENTS | 3 Chapter 3 The Basic Principles of United Nations Peacekeeping ...................... 31 Chapter 8 Supporting and Sustaining 3.1 Applying the Basic Principles of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations ............................................................................................ 75 United Nations Peacekeeping ....................................................................................................................... 31 8.1 United Nations Logistics and Administration .......................................................... 75 3.2 Other Success Factors ..................................................................................................................................... 36 8.2 Human Resource Management ....................................................................................................... 77 8.3 Security of Personnel ....................................................................................................................................... 79 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 Chapter 9 Maintaining Support for the Mission ........................................................................ 81 PART II: PLANNING UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 9.1 Managing Mission Impact ....................................................................................................................... 81 Chapter 4 Deciding to Deploy a United Nations 9.2 Communications and Outreach ...................................................................................................... 92 Peacekeeping Operation ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Chapter 10 Transition and Exit ............................................................................................................................. 85 4.1 Assessing the Options for United Nations Engagement ............................. 47 10.1 Partnerships and Transition Planning ................................................................................ 85 4.2 Key Lessons for Planners and Decision Makers ..................................................... 49 10.2 Hand-Over and Withdrawal ............................................................................................................. 86 4.3 The Importance of Consultations with Contributing Countries .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 91 Chapter 5 Planning a United Nations Peacekeeping Operation ......................... 53 Annex 1 United Nations Peacekeeping Doctrine Framework ................................ 92 5.1 The Integrated Approach ........................................................................................................................... 53 Annex 2 Selected Glossary of Acronyms and Terms ........................................................... 94 5.2 The Integrated Mission Planning Process (IMPP) ............................................... 54 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 57 PART III: THE ART OF SUCCESSFUL MANDATE IMPLEMENTATION Chapter 6 Deployment and Start-Up of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations ............................................................................................ 61 6.1 Typical Phases of Deployment ........................................................................................................... 61 6.2 The Mission Start-Up Process ............................................................................................................. 62 6.3 Managing the Mission Start-Up Process ............................................................................. 64 Chapter 7 Managing United Nations Peacekeeping Operations ....................... 66 7.1 The Relationship between Headquarters and the Field ............................... 66 7.2 The Challenge of Mission Integration and Coordination .......................... 69 4 | UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS CONTENTS | 5 The present publication, which has been developed in close consultation with field missions, Member States, United Nations system partners and other Foreword key stakeholders, represents the first attempt in over a decade to codify the major lessons learned from the past six decades of United Nations peace- keeping experience. It is intended to help practitioners better understand the Jean-Marie Guéhenno basic principles and concepts underpinning the conduct of contemporary United Nations peacekeeping operations as well as their inherent strengths and limitations. I would like to express my gratitude to