Cruise Vessel Emission Reduction Technologies Feasibility Study 3 August 2017 111 Franklin Road Freemans Bay Auckland 1011 307071 -01142 -EL-REP-0001 www.advisian.com Ports of Auckland Cruise Vessel Emission Reduction Technologies Feasibility Study Disclaimer This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Ports of Auckland, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the agreement between Ports of Auckland and Advisian. Advisian accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for it in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party. Copying this report without the permission of Ports of Auckland and Advisian is not permitted. Project No: 307071-01142-EL-REP-0001 – Cruise Vessel Emission Reduction Technologies: Feasibility Study Rev Description Author Review Approval Date 0 Issued for 3 Aug 2017 Consultation L Dingle P Edmonds S Baines 1 Issued for Use 4 Dec 2017 L Dingle P Edmonds S Baines Advisian 2 Ports of Auckland Cruise Vessel Emission Reduction Technologies Feasibility Study Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Location .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Study Drivers........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Project Stakeholders ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.6 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Practices and Standards ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Global Developments .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Trends for Ship Emission Reduction Infrastructure ............................................. 10 2.2 Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 International Regulations ............................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Local Standards .................................................................................................................. 11 2.3 Emission Reduction Standards ..................................................................................................... 13 3 Project Information ............................................................................................................................................ 15 3.1 Vessel Demand ................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 System Capacity ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Cruise Schedule Analysis................................................................................................................. 16 3.4 System Demand and Utilisation ................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Future Trends and Growth ............................................................................................................. 18 3.6 Utility System Capacity .................................................................................................................... 19 3.6.1 Electrical Utility System Capacity ................................................................................ 19 3.6.2 Gas Utility System Capacity ........................................................................................... 21 3.7 Funding Options ................................................................................................................................ 22 3.7.1 Ministry for the Environment (MFE) ........................................................................... 22 Advisian 3 Ports of Auckland Cruise Vessel Emission Reduction Technologies Feasibility Study 3.7.2 Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) ............................. 22 3.7.3 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA) ........................................ 22 4 Concept Options ................................................................................................................................................. 25 4.1 Shore Power Options ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Shore Power - Grid Supply ............................................................................................ 26 4.1.2 Shore Power - Local Generation ................................................................................. 28 4.1.3 Shore Power - Renewable Generation ...................................................................... 32 4.1.4 Shore Power - Hybrid Grid and Renewable Supply............................................. 33 4.2 Alternative Emission Reduction Solutions ............................................................................... 34 4.2.1 Scrubbers (Vessel Based) ............................................................................................... 34 4.2.2 Ship Emission Capturing System ................................................................................ 35 4.2.3 Fuel Switching..................................................................................................................... 35 5 Solution Evaluation ............................................................................................................................................ 38 5.1 Approach ............................................................................................................................................... 38 5.2 Weighting and Criteria .................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.1 Commercial Availability .................................................................................................. 38 5.2.2 Capital Costs ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.2.3 Operating and Maintenance Costs ............................................................................ 39 5.2.4 Emission Reductions (Pollutants) ................................................................................ 41 5.2.5 Emission Reductions (Green House Gases) ............................................................ 44 5.2.6 Emission Reduction Summary ...................................................................................... 45 5.2.7 Noise ...................................................................................................................................... 46 5.2.8 Port Interruptions .............................................................................................................. 47 5.3 Decision Matrix ................................................................................................................................... 49 5.4 Overall Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 50 6 Preferred Solutions ............................................................................................................................................ 51 6.1.1 Grid Supplied Shore Power ........................................................................................... 51 Advisian 4 Ports of Auckland Cruise Vessel Emission Reduction Technologies Feasibility Study 6.1.2 Hybrid Shore Power ......................................................................................................... 52 6.1.3 Fuel Switching..................................................................................................................... 52 6.2 Cost Estimate ....................................................................................................................................... 52 6.2.1 Capital Cost ......................................................................................................................... 52 6.2.2 Operating and Maintenance Cost .............................................................................. 53 6.3 Potential Health Outcomes ............................................................................................................ 54 7 Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 55 8 References ............................................................................................................................................................