Full report: urban mobility strategies during COVID-19 EIT Urban Mobility Barcelona | March 2021 eiturbanmobility.eu EIT Urban Mobility March 2021 EIT KIC Urban Mobility S.L. Torre Glories, Diagonal 211 08018 Barcelona Spain © 2021 EIT Urban Mobility Contact Yoann Le Petit Business Development Manager, Future Mobility Factory [email protected] Acknowledgments Authors: Contributors: Alessandro Drago, City of Rome Albert Gragera, University of Barcelona & Dr. Anna Clark, EIT Urban Mobility Danish Technical University Camilla Wikström, City of Stockholm Daniel Serra, EIT Urban Mobility Daniel Albalate, University of Barcelona Delia Mitcan, EIT Urban Mobility Ivo Cré, Polis Germá Bel, University of Barcelona Jaanus Tamm, City of Tartu Gretel Schaj, BABLE GmbH Jaime Valdés, City of Lindau Jordi Plumed, Santa Coloma de Gramanet Hector Cañas, BABLE GmbH Peter Kisch, City of Lund Peter Vest, EIT Urban Mobility Inés Aquilué, CARNET - Centro de Innovación y Sandra Lima, European Passenger Federation Tecnología de la UPC Jana Helder, BABLE GmbH Surveyed Cities: Lara Espindola, Universitat Politècnica de Antwerp (Belgium) Catalunya Barcelona (Spain) Belgrade (Serbia) Miguel Mósca, BABLE GmbH Funchal (Portugal) Graz (Austria) Mikael Edelstam, Miljöstrategi AB Lund (Sweden) Miquel Marti, Universitat Politècnica de Lviv (Ukraine) Catalunya Odense (Denmark) Rome (Italy) Paul Barton, BABLE GmbH Rubí (Spain) Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Spain) Dr. Philipp Riegebauer, BABLE GmbH Sint-Niklaas (Belgium) Pierre Filohn, BABLE GmbH Stockholm (Sweden) Tampere (Finland) Raúl Urbano, Centro Tecnológico de Tartu (Estonia) Automoción de Galicia Würzburg (Germany) 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ 1 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 1 Chapter: Challenges, requirements and strategies of sustainable urban mobility systems ................. 7 Urban mobility: the pre-pandemic context ......................................................................................... 7 Challenges & Requirements of urban mobility systems ..................................................................... 8 The urgent need to face Climate Change and improve Urban Health .......................... 8 A societal choice: reclaiming road space for civic uses while ensuring a competitive economy 9 Governance & Technological Innovations as enhancing opportunities ...................... 10 Strategies for the transition towards sustainable urban mobility .................................................... 14 Proximity Urban Planning .............................................................................................. 14 Seamless Intermodality .................................................................................................. 19 Public Space Redesign .................................................................................................... 22 To start a discussion: two hypotheses ............................................................................................... 27 2 Chapter: Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Mobility Systems ................................................................. 28 Impacts of COVID-19 in Urban Mobility Systems .............................................................................. 28 Reduced demand for mobility ....................................................................................... 29 Increased demand for last mile logistics due to e-commerce ..................................... 31 User Behaviour ............................................................................................................... 32 Transition to private cars ............................................................................................... 33 Reduced use of public transport ................................................................................... 34 Decreased use of shared mobility ................................................................................. 35 Reduced Investments in strategic research and development ................................... 36 Public Sector Measures ...................................................................................................................... 38 Increasing Public and Shared Transport Safety and Trust ........................................... 38 Rethinking streets: Pedestrianisation ........................................................................... 41 Making cycling more attractive through infrastructure developments ...................... 42 Addressing air pollution from mobility sources ............................................................ 44 Freight and urban logistics............................................................................................. 46 Using data to accelarate and improve descision-making ............................................ 47 1 Being responsive to the needs of vulnerable groups ................................................... 48 Trends adopted by industrial players ................................................................................................ 50 In-vehicle tech-solutions to ensure a true public health agent ................................... 50 Foresight: medium-term effects of the pandemic ....................................................... 52 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................ 54 3 Chapter: Best Practices for resilient & future proof urban mobility systems ...................................... 56 European resilient cities ..................................................................................................................... 56 International Best Practices ............................................................................................................... 67 4 Chapter: Innovation in cities as enabler of the transition ................................................................... 71 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 71 Mobility as a wicked problem ............................................................................................................ 72 Innovation, collaboration and governance models .......................................................................... 72 Action space and relational space ..................................................................................................... 74 The short-term impact of COVID-19 on innovation collaboration ................................................... 75 Organisation of innovation work in cities .......................................................................................... 75 Who should be involved? ................................................................................................................... 77 A snapshot of innovative measures and mobility strategies due to COVID19 crisis ....................... 78 The need to align different levels in the system ............................................................................... 80 Results from the survey ...................................................................................................................... 81 Other emerging strategies from an international outlook ............................................................... 85 Data as driver of transformation ........................................................................................................ 85 Data-driven innovation ....................................................................................................................... 88 How cities finance innovative actions on mobility ............................................................................ 88 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................ 91 5 Chapter: Economic impact of COVID 19 – Looking Forward ............................................................... 93 The forces shaping urban form and mobility patterns ..................................................................... 94 Available evidence: A pre-pandemic overview ............................................................. 94 How is the pandemic affecting the equilibrium between these forces? .................... 97 Impact assessment of COVID-19 in the mobility marketplace ....................................................... 103 Implications for public transit ...................................................................................... 103 Modal shift towards individual mobility ..................................................................... 105 Supply chain (Urban freight) ........................................................................................ 111 Parking .......................................................................................................................... 112 2 Impact of mobility-related measures implemented