International Journal of Computing and ICT Research Contents Volume 6, No 1, June 2012. ISSN 1818-1139 (PRINT), ISSN 1996-1065 (ONLINE) Africa Can Greatly Benefit from Virtualization Technology – Part I …………………………………………….6 Joseph M. Kizza – Editor-in-Chief E-Money for Enhanced MDGs at the Bottom of the Pyramid: A Case Study of MPESA Agents in Kenya…………......................................................................................................................................................11 Francis Wambalaba, Akosa Wambalaba, Philip Machoka and Patrick Afundi. Determination of the End-To-End Delays of any Switched Local Area Network ………………………..........24 M. O.Eyinagho Application of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in M-Banking Adoption in Kenya…………………….31 Isaiah Lule, Tonny Kerage Omwansa, and Prof. Timothy Mwololo Waema Development of a Real-time Customer Service System. ……………………………………………………….44 I. O. Awoyelu Mobile Phones as Mobile Banks and Credit Outlets: The Experiences of Farming Households n Rural Southwest Nigeria. …………………………………………………………………………………………........52 Isaac B. Oluwatayo Obstacles in Bridging the Digital Divide in Tanzania...........................................................................................60 Eliamani Sedoyeka Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology: The Future Payment Service for Kenya ……………………..73 Lawrence M. Muriira Teachers‘ Awareness of Nigeria‘s Educational Policy on ICT and the use of ICT in Oyo State Secondary Schools. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….84 O. F. Adebowale, and Dare, N. O 2 International Journal of Computing and ICT Research Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Joseph M. Kizza, Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee-Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA [email protected] Managing Editors: Computer Science Prof. Anthony Rodrigues, University of Nairobi, Kenya Information Technology Prof. Shushma Patel, London South Bank University, UK Information Systems Prof. Ravi Nath, Creighton University, Nebraska, USA Computer Engineering Prof. H.N Muyingi, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia Software Engineering Prof. P.K. Mahanti, University of New Brunswick, Canada Data Communication and Computer Networks Prof. Vir Phoha, Louisiana Tech, USA ICT for Sustainable Development Prof. Kathy Lynch, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Production Editor: Book Review Editor: Prof. Timothy Waema, School of Computing and Informatics, The University of Nairobi, Kenya Journal Editorial Office: The International Journal of Computing and ICT Research Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. Tel: +256 414 540628 Fax: +256 414 540620 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.ijcir.org International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1, June 2012 3 International Journal of Computing and ICT Research Volume 6, Issue 1 June 2012 The International Journal of Computing and ICT Research College of Computing and Information Sciences Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. Tel: +256 414 540628 Fax: +256 414 540628 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.ijcir.org International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1, June 2012 4 Book Reviews Every issue of the journal will carry one or more book reviews. This is a call for reviewers of books. The book reviewed must be of interest to the readers of the journal. That is to say, the book must be within the areas the journal covers. The reviews must be no more than 500 words. Send your review electronically to the book review editor at: [email protected] International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1, June 2012 5 International Journal of Computing and ICT Research The IJCIR is an independent biannual publication of Makerere University. In addition to publishing original work from international scholars from across the globe, the Journal strives to publish African original work of the highest quality that embraces basic information communication technology (ICT) that will not only offer significant contributions to scientific research and development but also take into account local development contexts. The Journal publishes papers in computer science, computer engineering, software engineering, information systems, data communications and computer networks, ICT for sustainable development, and other related areas. Two issues are published per year: June and December. For more detailed topics please see: http://www.ijcir.org. Submitted work should be original and unpublished current research in computing and ICT based on either theoretical or methodological aspects, as well as various applications in real world problems from science, technology, business or commerce. Short and quality articles (not exceeding 20 single spaced type pages) including references are preferable. The selection of journal papers which involves a rigorous review process secures the most scholarly, critical, analytical, original, and informative papers. Papers are typically published in less than half a year from the time a final corrected version of the manuscript is received. Authors should submit their manuscripts in Word or PDF to [email protected]. Manuscripts submitted will be admitted subject to adherence to the publication requirements in formatting and style. For more details on manuscript formatting and style please visit the journal website at: http://www.ijcir.org. International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1, June 2012 6 Africa Can Greatly Benefit from Virtualization Technology – Part 1 PROF. JOSEPH M. KIZZA*, Editor-in-Chief Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37403, USA. IJCIR Reference Format: Kizza, Joseph. M. Africa Can Greatly Benefit from Virtualization Technology – Part I. International Journal of Computing and ICT Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp 6-10. http://www.ijcir.org/volume6-number1/article1.pdf INTRODUCTION In my last issue in Volume 5 Issue 1, I articulated the benefits of Clouding computing and in particular, I focused on how Africa might benefit if there is a drive to change the model of computing. In this follow-up piece, I was to go more into the virtualization technology and how Africa especially African Higher Education institutions chocked with the scarcity of resources and severely under funded, can benefit from virtualization technology. We will start by defining virtualization to give everyone a fair understanding of the technology before we start our discussion. Virtualization is a process through which one can create something that is there in effect and performance but in reality not there – that is virtual. VMware.com, a software developer and a global leader in the virtualization market defines virtualization as a process in which software creates virtual machines including a virtual machine monitor called 'hypervisor,' that allocates hardware resources dynamically and transparently so that multiple operating systems, called ―guest operating systems‖ can run concurrently on a single physical computer without even knowing it (VMware.com ) For example using software virtualization, one can, using the existing underlying hardware and software resources like operating systems create and run several independent virtual operating systems on top of one physical operating system using the existing hardware resources to execute independent system tasks. Hardware virtualization also takes the same concept where several servers or client machines can be created based on one underlying hardware. The virtualization concept has been with us for sometime. The potential power of virtualization in substantially increasing the performance of computing systems such as hardware and software through division of the underlying physical computing resources into many equally powerful virtual machines, has increased the popularity of the technology in the last twenty years and this love continues today. According to the IDC, an IT research firm, 2012 ranking of Chief Information Officers (CIO) priorities, virtualization and the server consolidation that it delivers were the top priority for chief information officers. Fourty percent of CIOs picked virtualization and server consolidation, more than any other area of IT [Mullins, Robert]. The rush to virtulization is driven by its resulting server consolidation creating savings to be invested in new IT initiatives such as cloud computing, mobility, data analytics, and use of social media for business purposes. This rapid growth is a reflection of the changing benefits of virtualization from being used only as a tactical tool to drive consolidation and higher system utilization to leveraging the mobility of virtual * Author‘s Address: Joseph M. Kizza, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA., [email protected]. "Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IJCIR must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission