James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES ■ THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Provvisori/mbs%20Library/001%20-Da%20Fare/00-index.htm2006-06-01 13:00:56 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : Index. James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES General Index PROEMIUM PREFACE CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION. THE THIRTEENTH, THE GREATEST OF CENTURIES II. UNIVERSITIES AND PREPARATORY SCHOOLS. III. WHAT AND HOW THEY STUDIED AT THE UNIVERSITIES. IV. THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS AND DISCIPLINE. V. POST-GRADUATE WORK AT THE UNIVERSITIES. VI. THE BOOK OF THE ARTS AND POPULAR EDUCATION. VII. ARTS AND CRAFTS. GREAT TECHNICAL SCHOOLS. VIII. GREAT ORIGINS IN PAINTING. IX. LIBRARIES AND BOOKMEN. X. THE CID, THE HOLY GRAIL, THE NIBELUNGEN. file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/0-JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies.htm (1 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:56 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : Index. XI. MEISTERSINGERS MINNESINGIERS, TROUVERES, TROUBADOURS. XII. GREAT LATIN HYMNS AND CHURCH MUSIC. XIII. THREE MOST READ BOOKS OF THE CENTURY. XIV. SOME THIRTEENTH CENTURY PROSE. XV. ORIGIN OF THE DRAMA. XVI. FRANCIS THE SAINT. THE FATHER OF THE RENAISSANCE. XVII. AQUINAS THE SCHOLAR. XVIII. ST. LOUIS THE MONARCH. XIX. DANTE THE POET. XX. THE WOMEN OF THE CENTURY. XXI. CITY HOSPITALS. ORGANIZED CHARITY. XXII. GREAT ORIGINS IN LAW. XXIII. JUSTICE AND LEGAL DEVELOPMENT. XXIV. DEMOCRACY, CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM AND NATIONALITY. XXV. GREAT EXPLORERS AND THE FOUNDATION OF GEOGRAPHY. XXVI. GREAT BEGINNINGS OF MODERN COMMERCE. APPENDIX file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/0-JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies.htm (2 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:56 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : Index. NOTES file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/0-JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies.htm (3 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:56 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.1. James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES Acting Dean and Professor of the History of Medicine and of Nervous Diseases, Fordham University School of Medicine; Professor of Physiological Psychology at St. Francis Xavier's and Cathedral Colleges, New York New York, 1907 To Right Rev. Monsignor M. J. Lavelle, Rector of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, Sometime President of the Catholic Summer School, to whose fatherly patronage this book is largely due, and without whose constant encouragement it would not have been completed, it is respectfully and affectionately dedicated by the author. PROEMIUM EPIMETHEUS WAKE again, Teutonic Father- ages, Speak again, beloved primeval creeds; Flash ancestral spirit from your pages, Wake file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-1.htm (1 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:57 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.1. the greedy age to noble deeds. Ye who built the churches where we worship, Ye who framed the laws by which we move, Fathers, long belied, and long forsaken, Oh, forgive the children of your love! PROMETHEUS file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-1.htm (2 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:57 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.1. There will we find laws which shall interpret, Through the simpler past, existing life; Delving up from mines and fairy caverns Charmed blades to cut the age's strife. Rev. Charles Kingsley The Saints' Tragedy file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-1.htm (3 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:57 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.2. PREFACE "Why take the style of these heroic times? For nature brings not back the mastodon -- Nor we those times; and why should any man Remodel models?" What Tennyson thus said of his own first essay in the Idyls of the King, in the introduction to the Morte D'Arthur, occurs as probably the aptest expression of most men's immediate thought with regard to such a subject as The Thirteenth, Greatest of Centuries. Though Tennyson was confessedly only remodeling the thoughts of the Thirteenth Century, we would not be willing to concede "That nothing new was said, or else, Something so said, 'twas nothing," file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-2.htm (1 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:57 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.2. for the loss of the Idyls would make a large lacuna in the literature of the Nineteenth Century. "If it is allowed to compare little things with great," a similar intent to that of the Laureate has seemed sufficient justification for the paradox the author has tried to set forth in this volume. It may prove "nothing worth, mere chaff and draff much better burnt," but many friends have insisted they found it interesting. Authors usually blame friends for their inflictions upon the public, and I fear that I can find no better excuse, though the book has been patiently labored at, with the idea that it should represent some of the serious work that is being done by the Catholic Summer School on Lake Champlain, now completing nearly a decade and a half of its existence. This volume is, it is hoped, but the first of a series that will bring to a wider audience some of the thoughts that have been gathered for Summer School friends by many workers, and will put in more permanent form contributions that made summer leisure respond to the Greek term for school. The object of the book is to interpret, in terms that will be readily intelligible to this generation, the life and concerns of the people of a century who, to the author's mind, have done more for human progress than those of any like period in human history. There are few whose eyes are now holden as they used to be, as to the surpassing place in the history of culture of the last three centuries of the Middle Ages. Personally the author is convinced, however, that only a beginning of proper appreciation has come as yet, and he feels that the solution of many problems that are vexing the modern world, especially in the social order, are to be found in these much misunderstood ages, and above all in that culmination of medieval progress -- the period from 1200 to 1300. The subject was originally taken up as a series of lectures in the extension course of the Catholic Summer School, as given each year in Lent and Advent at the Catholic Club, New York City. Portions of the material were subsequently used in lectures in many cities in this country from Portland, Me., to Portland, Ore., St. Paul, Minn., to New Orleans, La. The subject was treated in extenso for the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences in 1906, after which publication was suggested. The author does not flatter himself that the book adequately represents the great period which it claims to present. The subject has been the central idea of studies in leisure moments for a dozen file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-2.htm (2 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:57 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.2. years, and during many wanderings in Europe, but there will doubtless prove to be errors in detail, for which the author would crave the indulgence of more serious students of history. The original form in which the material was cast has influenced the style to some extent, and has made the book more wordy than it would otherwise have been, and has been the cause of certain repetitions that appear more striking in print than they seemed in manuscript. There were what seemed good reasons for not delaying publication, however, and leisure for further work at it, instead of growing, was becoming more scant. It is intrusted to the tender mercies of critics, then, and the benevolent reader, if he still may be appealed to, for the sake of the ideas it contains, in spite of their inadequate expression. file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-2.htm (3 of 3)2006-06-01 13:00:57 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.3. James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION, THE THIRTEENTH, GREATEST OF CENTURIES. Deeds and men of a marvellous period. Evolution and man. No intellectual development in historical period. The wonderful medieval pre- renaissance. Our Gothic ancestors. Education for the classes and masses. Universities, cathedrals, arts, and crafts. Origins in art. Supreme literature in file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-3.htm (1 of 37)2006-06-01 13:00:58 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.3. every language. Origins in law and liberty. Beginnings of modern democracy. CHAPTER II. UNIVERSITIES AND PREPARATORY SCHOOLS. Origins of universities. Triumph of invention. Character unchanged ever since. University evolution, Salerno, Bologna, Paris, Oxford, Cambridge, Italian, French and Spanish Universities. Origin of preparatory schools. Cathedral colleges. Decree of the Council of Lateran, every cathedral to have a school and file:///D|/Documenta%20Chatolica%20Omnia/99%20-%20Pr.../001%20-Da%20Fare/JWalshTheGreatestOfCenturies-3.htm (2 of 37)2006-06-01 13:00:58 James J. Walsh THE THIRTEENTH GREATEST OF CENTURIES : C.3. metropolitan churches to have colleges.