E421 Volume 6 SCot 3 Wvilsol in association with Public Disclosure Authorized w IIIE Phase Il: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Project Co-ordinating Consultancy Services (PCC) for the Karnataka State Highways Improvement Project IBRD Loan/Credit No. LN-4114 BelgaX i d a~~idr Public Disclosure Authorized Karwar ,J '\ Mangalor .- lore Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared for: , nn nzl ~~~~~Govt of Karnataka Public Works Dept. (PIU KSHIP) August 2002 Kamataka State Highways Enviromnental Impact Assessment Report Improvement Project Table of Contents VOLUME-I: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY .............................................. EX-1 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1-1 1. 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................ 1-1 1.2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 1-2 1.3. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................................................................ 1-3 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .............. .............................. 2-1 2.1. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE INDIAN SYSTEM & MAJOR ORGANISATIONS ................................................. 2-1 2.2. GUIDELINES FOR EIA OF HIGHWAY PROJECTS, IRC: 104-1988 ..................... ............................... 2-1 2.3. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROJECT PROMOTER & INTERFACES WITH OTHER AGENCIES ............... 2-1 2.3.1. Interface with the Ministry of Environment & Forests ........................................................ 2-2 2.3.2. Interface with the KarnatakaState Pollution Control Board............................................... 2-2 2.3.3. Interface with the Department of Land & Land Revenue of the GoK ................................... 2-2 2.3.4. Interface with the Offices of the District Magistrate & City Municipalities......................... 2-3 2.3.5. Interface with the Department of Forests of the GoK ........................................................... 2-3 2.3.6. Interface with the Department of Mines of the GoK ............................................................. 2-4 2.4. STRENGTH OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT OF GoK FOR INTERFACE MANAGEMENT .. 2-4 2.5. STATUTES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT .. 2-4 2.5.1. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (with subsequent amendments) ................................................. 2-4 2.5.2. The Mysore Highways Act, 1964 ............................................................... 2-4 2.5.3. The Wildlife (Protection)Act, 1972 ............................................................... 2-4 2.5.4. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 ....................................................... 2-4 2.5.5. The Karnataka Preservationof Trees Act, 1976............................................................... 2-5 2.5.6. Town and Country PlanningAct, 1976............................................................... 2-6 2.5.7. Forest ConservationAct, 1980 ............................................................... 2-6 2.5.8. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 ..................................................... 2-6 2.5.9. Environment (Protection)Act, 1986 ............................................................... 2-6 2.5.10. Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 ............................................................... 2-6 2.5.11. The Hazardous Wastes (Management And Handling) Rules, 1989...................................... 2-7 2.6. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES .. 2-7 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................. 3-1 3.1. PROJECT LOCATION . .3-1 3.2. SCOPE OF WORKS BY CONTRACT PACKAGES . .3-2 3.3. TRAFFIC DETAILS OF PROJECT LINKS . .3-2 3.4. DESIGN OPTIONS CONSIDERED . .3-3 3.5. OPTIONS ON CONSTRUCTION METHODS . .3-6 3.5.1. Pavement Overlay ................................... 3-6 3.5.2. New Construction................................... 3-6 3.5.3. Treatment Alternatives ................................... 3-6 3.5.4. Cross DrainageStructures Construction..................................... 3-8 3.6. OPTIONS ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ........................................ 3-8 3.6.1. Rocks.3-11 3.6.2. Natural Gravel.3-12 3.6.3. Sand.3-12 3.6.4. Embankment Fill.3-12 3.6.5. Asphalt .3-12 ToC-I Scott Wilson / CES / IIIE Kamataka State Highways Environmental Impact Assessment Report Improvement Project Table of Contents 3.7. OPTIONS ON CROSS DRAINAGE STRUCTURES .............................................. 3-12 3.8. OPTIONS ON INTERSECTIONS ON ROADS FOR UPGRADATION ..................... ......................... 3-14 3.9. OPTIONS ON BYPASSES .............................................. 3-15 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................ 4-1 4.1. INTRODUCTION . .4-1 4.2. INITIAL PACKAGE OF THE KSHIP . .4-1 4.3. ALTERNATIVES SUGGESTED BY PCC . .4-1 4.4. IMPACT OF WORLD BANK'S CRITERIA . .4-1 4.5. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES . .4-1 4.5.1. Route Alternatives .................................... 4-2 4.5.2. Alignmenzt Alternatives.................................... 4-2 4.5.3. Bypass Alternatives .................................... 4-4 4.5.4. Cross-sectioniAlternatives .................................... 4-4 4.6. ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION ..................................... 4-5 4.6.1. Bridge Construction.................................... 4-5 4.7. CONCLUSION ...................................... 4-5 5. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SET UP ...................................... 5-1 5.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 5-1 5.2. PHYSICAL RESOURCES ....................................... 5-1 5.2.1. Physiography .. 5-1 5.2.2. Geology .. 5-1 5.2.3. Seismicity .. 5-2 5.2.4. Climate .. 5-2 5.2.5. Temperature .. 5-5 5.2.6. Rainfall ............... 5-5 5.2.7. Direction of Wind .. 5-5 5.2.8. Ambient Air Quality .. 5-6 5.2.9. Ambient Noise Level .. 5-17 5.2.10. DrainageSystem .. 5-19 5.2.1 . Soil .. 5-23 5.3. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...................... 5-23 5.3.1. Flora.................... :. 5-24 5.3.2. Fauna..................... 5-30 5.4. HUMAN USE VALUES ...................... 5-30 5.4.1. Land use ..................... 5-30 5.5. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ... ................... 5-31 5.5.1. DemographicFeatuz-es .. 5-32 5.5.2. OccupationalPattern ...................................... 5-33 5.5.3. Economic Profile of the Region .. 5-36 5.5.4. Regional and Local Utilities along the Project Routes . .5-37 5.5.5. Religious and other Sensitive Structures along the Project Routes .5-37 5.6. PUBLIC HEALTH ....................................... 5-37 5.7. ACCIDENT HAZARDS AND SAFETY .... .................... ............. 5-38 5.8. AESTHETICS ....................................... 5-38 5.9. SITES OF TOURIST AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST . ...................................... 5-38 6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6-1 6.1. INTRODUCTION ................... 6-1 6.2. IMPACTS FROM LOCATION ... ................ 6-1 6.2.1. Impacts of Gravity Flow IrrigationSystems ..................................... 6-1 6.2.2. Large Reservoirs behind Dams..................................... 6-2 ToC-2 Scott Wilson / CES / IIIE Kamataka State Highways Environmental Impact Assessment Report Improvement Project Table of Contents 6.2.3. Consequences of Extensive deforestationz ................................... 6-2 6.2.4. Improper Road DrainageSystem ................................... 6-3 6.2.5. Effects of Growing Mining Economy .................................. ...... 6-3 6.3. IMPACTS FROM ROAD DESIGNS . .6-3 6.3.1. Impacts from Altered Design .6-4 6.3.2. Impacts from Diversionfrom Current Use of Land .6-5 6.3.3. Impact on people due to land acquisition and displacement.6- 6.3.4. Impacts on Regional Utilities.6-6 6.3.5. Impacts on Local Utilities.6-6 6.3.6. Impacts on Local Religious Stiuctutres.6-7 6.3.7. Impacts on Other Community Assets .6-7 6.3.8. Impacts on Avenue Trees .6-7 6.3.9. Impacts from the Clhoice of Construction Materials.6-9 6.3.10. Accidents and Road Safety ............................ 6-10 6.4. IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION . .6-11 6.4.1. Impact on Land Resources. 6-11 6.4.2. Impact on Soil Quality .6-11 6.4.3. Impact on Water Resources.6-12 6.4.4. Impact on Water Quality.6-13 6.4.5. Impact on Air Quality .6-13 6.4.6. Impact on Noise Level .6-14 6.4.7. Impact on Biological Environment.6-15 6.4.8. Impacts from Sanitation and Waste disposal ...... ........................................................ 6-15 6.4.9. Other impacts.6-16 6.5. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ............................... 6-16 6.5.1. Impact on Land Use .6-16 6.5.2. Impact on Air Quality.6-16 6.5.3. Impact on Noise level.6-18 6.5.4. Impact on Ecological Resources.6-19 -6.5.5. Accident Hazards and Safety .6-19 6.5.6. Aesthetics .6-19 6.6. CONCLUDING OBSERVATION ........................ 6-19 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION .......................... 7-1 7.1. INTRODUCTION.7-1 7.2. CONSULTATION DURING MONITORING AMBIENT AIR QUALITY & NOISE LEVEL .7-1 7.3. JOINT PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS WITH SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSTS .7-2 7.4. WORKSHOP ON ISSUES INVOLVED INPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .7-4 7.5. PROJECT LAUNCH WORKSHOP .7-4 7.6. DISTRICT LEVEL PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ORGANISED BY PIU .7-4 7.7. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF EIA REPORT ......................... 7-5 7.8. CONCLUSION .7-5 E2,HIBITS APPENDIX 6.1 APPENDIX 6.2 APPENDIX 6.3 APPENDIX 6.4 APPENDIX 6.5 APPENDIX 7.1 ToC-3 Scott Wilson / CES / IIIE Kamataka