Supplementary Table. Source of life history parameters for the reef fish species included in the meta-analysis. Family Scientific name Longevity source Growth source Maturity source Haemulidae Diagramma pictum (Baillon, 1994) (Grandcourt et al., 2011) Haemulidae Haemulon album (Gaut and Munro, 1983) (Gaut and Munro, 1983) Haemulidae Haemulon parra (Valle et al., 1997) Haemulidae Haemulon plumierii (Araújo and Martins, 2007) (Araújo and Martins, 2007) (Araújo and Martins, 2007) Haemulidae Haemulon sciurus (Pitt et al., 2010) (Pitt et al., 2010) Haemulidae Microlepidotus brevipinnis (Espino-Barr et al., 2010) (Espino-Barr et al., 2010) Haemulidae Orthopristis ruber (Guerrieri et al., 2015) (Guerrieri et al., 2015) Haemulidae Parapristipoma trilineatum (Doiuchi et al., 2007) (Doiuchi et al., 2007) Haemulidae Plectorhinchus pictus (Wenjia et al., 2015) (Wenjia et al., 2015) Haemulidae Plectorhinchus sordidus (Grandcourt et al., 2011) (Grandcourt et al., 2011) (Grandcourt et al., 2011) Haemulidae Pomadasys argenteus (Mathews and Samuel, (Kulbicki et al., 2009) 1991) Haemulidae Pomadasys commersonnii (Torres Jr. and Pauly, 1991) Haemulidae Pomadasys kaakan (Al-Husaini et al., 2002) (Al-Husaini et al., 2002) (Al-Husaini et al., 2002) Haemulidae Pomadasys maculatus (Bade, 1989) (Bade, 1989) (Bade, 1989) Labridae Bodianus axillaris (Hubble, 2003) (Hubble, 2003) Labridae Bodianus frenchii (Cossington et al., 2010) (Cossington et al., 2010) (Cossington et al., 2010) Labridae Bodianus mesothorax (Hubble, 2003) (Hubble, 2003) Labridae Choerodon cauteroma (Fairclough, 2005) (Fairclough, 2005) (Fairclough, 2005) Labridae Choerodon cyanodus (Fairclough, 2005) (Fairclough, 2005) (Fairclough, 2005) Labridae Choerodon fasciatus (Hubble, 2003) (Hubble, 2003) Labridae Choerodon rubescens (Nardi et al., 2006) (Fairclough, 2005) (Fairclough, 2005) Labridae Choerodon schoenleinii (Ebisawa et al., 2010) (Ebisawa et al., 2010) (Ebisawa et al., 2010) Labridae Cheilinus undulatus (Choat et al., 2006) (Sadovy et al., 2007) (Sadovy et al., 2007) Labridae Cheilinus fasciatus (Hubble, 2003) (Hubble, 2003) Labridae Lachnolaimus maximus (McBride and Richardson, (McBride and Richardson, (McBride et al., 2008) 2007) 2007) Labridae Thalassoma lunare (Ackerman, 2004) (Ackerman, 2004) (Ackerman, 2004) Shark-Lamnidae Isurus oxyrinchus (Semba et al., 2009) (Semba et al., 2009) (Semba et al., 2009) Erickson and Nadon: Stepwise stochastic simulation for distributions of missing life history parameter values Fish. Bull. 119 Family Scientific name Longevity source Growth source Maturity source Serranidae Aethaloperca rogaa (Mapleston et al., 2009) (Mapleston et al., 2009) Serranidae Anyperodon (Mapleston et al., 2009) (Mapleston et al., 2009) leucogrammicus Serranidae Cephalopholis argus (Donovan et al., 2013) (Donovan et al., 2013) Serranidae Cephalopholis boenak (Chan and Sadovy, 2002) (Chan and Sadovy, 2002) (Chan and Sadovy, 2002) Serranidae Cephalopholis cruentata (Potts and Manooch, 1999) (Potts and Manooch, 1999) Serranidae Cephalopholis fulva (Trott, 2006) (Trott, 2006) Serranidae Cephalopholis miniata (Mathews and Samuel, (Mathews and Samuel, 1991) 1991) Serranidae Cephalopholis panamensis (Craig et al., 1999) (Craig et al., 1999) (Erisman et al., 2010) Serranidae Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Fry et al., 2006) (Fry et al., 2006) Serranidae Cephalopholis taeniops (Tariche et al., 2015) (Tariche et al., 2015) (Pastor et al., 2002) Serranidae Cephalopholis urodeta (Fry et al., 2006) (Fry et al., 2006) Serranidae Cromileptes altivelis (Williams et al., 2009) (Williams et al., 2009) Serranidae Diplectrum formosum (Bubley and Pashuk, 2010) (Bubley and Pashuk, 2010) (Bubley and Pashuk, 2010) Serranidae Diplectrum labarum (Morales-Nin, 1994) (Foster and Vincent, 2010) Serranidae Diplectrum macropoma (Morales-Nin, 1994) Serranidae Epinephelus adscensionis (Burton et al., 2012) (Burton et al., 2012) Serranidae Epinephelus areolatus (Mathews and Samuel, (Mathews and Samuel, (Mahmoud and others, 1991) 1991) 2009) Serranidae Epinephelus chlorostigma (Grandcourt, 2002) (Grandcourt, 2002) (Mees, 1992) Serranidae Epinephelus coioides (Grandcourt et al., 2005) (Grandcourt et al., 2005) (Grandcourt et al., 2005) Serranidae Epinephelus cyanopodus (Loubens, 1980) (Loubens, 1980) Serranidae Epinephelus diacanthus (Mehanna et al., 2013) (Edwards and Shaher, 1991) Serranidae Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Grandcourt, 2005) (Grandcourt, 2005) (Pears et al., 2006) Serranidae Epinephelus guttatus (Sadovy et al., 1992) (Sadovy et al., 1992) (Sadovy et al., 1992) Serranidae Epinephelus itajara (Bullock et al., 1992) (Bullock et al., 1992) Serranidae Epinephelus labriformis (Craig et al., 1999) (Craig et al., 1999) Serranidae Epinephelus latifasciatus (Mathews and Samuel, (Mathews and Samuel, (Sujatha and Shrikanya, 1991) 1991) 2013) Serranidae Epinephelus maculatus (Loubens, 1980) (Loubens, 1980) (Loubens, 1980) Erickson and Nadon: Stepwise stochastic simulation for distributions of missing life history parameter values Fish. Bull. 119 Family Scientific name Longevity source Growth source Maturity source Serranidae Epinephelus merra (Loubens, 1980) (Pothin et al., 2004) Serranidae Epinephelus morio (Lombardi-Carlson et al., (Lombardi-Carlson et al., (Collins et al., 2002) 2002) 2002) Serranidae Epinephelus morrhua (Fry et al., 2006) (Fry et al., 2006) Serranidae Epinephelus multinotatus (Grandcourt, 2005) (Grandcourt, 2005) Serranidae Epinephelus ongus (Craig, 2007) (Ohta and Ebisawa, 2016) Serranidae Epinephelus polyphekadion (Grandcourt, 2005) (Rhodes et al., 2011) (Rhodes et al., 2011) Serranidae Epinephelus quoyanus (Mapleston et al., 2009) (Mapleston et al., 2009) (Al-Salamah, 2014) Serranidae Epinephelus radiatus (Mahé et al., 2016) (Mahé et al., 2016) Serranidae Epinephelus rivulatus (Loubens, 1980) (Loubens, 1980) (Mackie, 2000) Serranidae Epinephelus striatus (Bush et al., 2006) (Bush et al., 2006) (Sadovy and Colin, 1995) Serranidae Epinephelus tauvina (Mathews and Samuel, (Mathews and Samuel, (El-Sayed and Abdel-Bary, 1991) 1991) 1999) Serranidae Epinephelus tukula (Grandcourt, 2005) (Grandcourt, 2005) Serranidae Hyporthodus mystacinus (Farmer et al., 2016) (Farmer et al., 2016) (Farmer et al., 2016) Serranidae Hyporthodus nigritus (Manooch, 1987) (Manooch, 1987) (Farmer et al., 2016) Serranidae Hyporthodus niveatus (Kowal, 2010) (Kowal, 2010) (Wyanski et al., 2000) Serranidae Hyporthodus octofasciatus (Wakefield et al., 2013) (Wakefield et al., 2013) (Wakefield et al., 2013) Serranidae Hyporthodus quernus (Nichols and DeMartini, (Nichols and DeMartini, (DeMartini et al., 2011) 2008) 2008) Serranidae Mycteroperca bonaci (Crabtree and Bullock, (Crabtree and Bullock, (Crabtree and Bullock, 1998) 1998) 1998) Serranidae Mycteroperca fusca (Bustos et al., 2009) (Bustos et al., 2009) (Bustos et al., 2010) Serranidae Mycteroperca interstitialis (Manickchand-Heileman (Burton et al., 2014) and Phillip, 2000) Serranidae Mycteroperca microlepis (Hood and Schlieder, 1992) (Hood and Schlieder, (McGovern et al., 1998) 1992) Serranidae Mycteroperca olfax (Usseglio et al., 2015) (Usseglio et al., 2015) (Usseglio et al., 2015) Serranidae Mycteroperca phenax (Harris et al., 2002) (Harris et al., 2002) (Harris et al., 2002) Serranidae Mycteroperca venenosa (Burton et al., 2015) (Burton et al., 2015) Serranidae Paralabrax (Andrews et al., 2005) (Andrews et al., 2005) (Allen et al., 1995) maculatofasciatus Erickson and Nadon: Stepwise stochastic simulation for distributions of missing life history parameter values Fish. Bull. 119 Family Scientific name Longevity source Growth source Maturity source Serranidae Plectropomus laevis (Grandcourt, 2005) (Heupel et al., 2010) (Heupel et al., 2010) Serranidae Plectropomus leopardus (Loubens, 1980) (Ferreira, 1995) (Ferreira, 1995) Serranidae Plectropomus maculatus (Ferreira and Russ, 1992) (Ferreira and Russ, 1992) (Ferreira, 1993) Serranidae Pronotogrammus (McBride et al., 2009) (McBride et al., 2009) martinicensis Serranidae Variola albimarginata (Mapleston et al., 2009) (Mapleston et al., 2009) Serranidae Variola louti (Grandcourt, 2005) (Grandcourt, 2005) Shark-Alopiidae Alopias pelagicus (Drew et al., 2015) (Drew et al., 2015) (Drew et al., 2015) Shark-Alopiidae Alopias superciliosus (Fernandez-Carvalho et al., (Liu et al., 1998) 2011) Shark- Carcharhinus (Robbins, 2006) (Robbins, 2006) (Robbins, 2006) Carcharhinidae amblyrhynchos Shark- Carcharhinus cautus (White et al., 2002) (White et al., 2002) (White et al., 2002) Carcharhinidae Shark- Carcharhinus falciformis (Bonfil et al., 1993) (Bonfil et al., 1993) (Branstetter, 1987) Carcharhinidae Shark- Carcharhinus leucas (Neer et al., 2005) (Neer et al., 2005) Carcharhinidae Shark- Carcharhinus limbatus (Killam and Parsons, 1989) (Killam and Parsons, 1989) (Castro, 1996) Carcharhinidae Shark- Carcharhinus (Chin et al., 2013) (Chin et al., 2013) (Chin et al., 2013) Carcharhinidae melanopterus Shark- Carcharhinus obscurus (Simpfendorfer et al., 2002) (Simpfendorfer et al., (Simpfendorfer et al., Carcharhinidae 2002) 2002) Shark- Carcharhinus plumbeus (Romine et al., 2006) (Romine et al., 2006) (Romine et al., 2006) Carcharhinidae Shark- Carcharhinus sorrah (Davenport and Stevens, (Davenport and Stevens, (Harry et al., 2013) Carcharhinidae 1988) 1988) Shark- Carcharhinus tilstoni (Davenport and Stevens, (Davenport and Stevens, (Harry et al., 2013) Carcharhinidae 1988) 1988) Shark- Loxodon macrorhinus (Gutteridge et al., 2013) (Gutteridge et al., 2013) (Gutteridge et al., 2013) Carcharhinidae Erickson and