SEYCHELLES 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Seychelles is a multiparty republic governed by a president, Council of Ministers, and National Assembly. In December 2015 voters narrowly re-elected President James Michel of Parti Lepep. On September 27, President Michel announced he would resign effective October 16, passing the presidency to Vice President Danny Faure. The president and Parti Lepep, formerly the Seychelles People’s Progressive Front, dominated the country through political patronage and control over government jobs, contracts, and resources. On September 11, the opposition coalition Seychellois Democratic Union won the majority of seats in Legislative Assembly elections, its first majority since establishing a multiparty system. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. The most significant human rights problems were violence against women and children and denial of worker rights, particularly those of foreign workers. Other human rights problems included police brutality; harassment of opposition politicians; prolonged pretrial detention; government restrictions on freedom of speech, association, and academic freedom; corruption; trafficking in persons; and forced labor. The government took steps to punish officials who committed abuses, whether in the security services or elsewhere in the government, but impunity existed. Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings There were no reports the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. b. Disappearance There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances. SEYCHELLES 2 c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment The constitution and law prohibit such practices, but there were media reports police and National Drug Enforcement Agency officers beat and abused persons, including detainees, to force confessions. For example, on June 3, the newspaper Seychelles Weekly reported police severely beat Eddy Bibi, a resident of Ile Perseverance, when he resisted arrest. Bibi collapsed and was hospitalized the day after police arrested and jailed him. He was later released without charge. Prison and Detention Center Conditions Prison conditions were harsh due to overcrowding. Prisoners at Montagne Posee Prison alleged that a fellow inmate’s death resulted from physical abuse. Physical Conditions: Prison conditions and overcrowding in Montagne Posee Prison, the main prison, significantly improved during the year. On June 1, implementation of the Misuse of Drugs Act decriminalized possession of small amounts of cannabis. Consequently, authorities released approximately 160 prisoners because their convictions were overturned. No remand detainees, however, were released based on this change. Authorities held pretrial detainees with convicted prisoners. Men and women were held in separate blocks in the same prison. Juvenile detainees and prisoners were held together with adult prisoners. On March 21, the newspaper Seychelles Nation reported the death of Montagne Posee Prison inmate Robert Banane. Prison officials initially stated that Banane died of a fall but later stated that he was shot. Sixty fellow inmates signed a letter sent to weekly newspaper Le Seychellois Hebdo stating Banane died while fighting for the right of inmates to be treated humanely. Administration: An ombudsman may make recommendations to the National Assembly and the president to improve conditions for prisoners and detainees but had no authority to enforce such recommendations. Although the ombudsman is required to issue an annual report on inmate complaints and on investigations into human rights abuses and corruption, she did not do so for at least three years. Statistics on inmate complaints filed with the National Human Rights Commission were unavailable at year’s end. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SEYCHELLES 3 Independent Monitoring: The government generally permitted independent monitoring of prison conditions by local and international human rights groups. The UN Office on Drugs and Crime and three local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) visited Montagne Posee Prison during the year. Several religious groups also visited the prison. Improvements: Prison authorities initiated a methadone heroin replacement therapy program and a job placement program during the year. On January 13, a five-person holding center at the airport for undocumented migrants was completed. d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention, but the government did not always observe these prohibitions. Individuals posted allegations of arbitrary arrest and detention on social media sites. Following the December 2015 presidential elections, Mauritian lawyer Sanjay Bhuckory was detained and deported. According to government officials, Bhuckory misled immigration officials regarding the purpose of his visit, while government opponents claimed the deportation was politically motivated. Role of the Police and Security Apparatus The president controls the security apparatus, which includes the Seychelles People’s Defense Forces (SPDF), Presidential Protection Unit, Coast Guard, and police. The police commissioner, who reports directly to the minister for home affairs, commands the unarmed police, the armed paramilitary Police Special Support Wing, and the Marine Police Unit, which together have primary responsibility for internal security. When necessary the SPDF assisted police on matters of internal security. Security forces were effective, although impunity was a problem. Police brutality and corruption occurred, particularly the solicitation of bribes. On April 7, the independent daily newspaper Today in Seychelles reported two male police officers sexually assaulted a female colleague while on patrol. The two male officers were suspended, charged with sexual assault, released on bail, and had their passports confiscated. Their trial was pending at year’s end. Authorities rarely used the Enquiry Board, a police complaint office but rather established independent inquiry commissions to examine security force abuses. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SEYCHELLES 4 Private attorneys generally filed complaints with police or published them in Today in Seychelles or in opposition party newspapers, such as Seychelles Weekly and Le Seychellois Hebdo. Although human rights were included as a core precept in officer training, the scope of such training was limited. Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees The law requires warrants, except for persons arrested under the Misuse of Drugs Act, which allows police and National Drug Enforcement Agency officers to arrest and detain persons without a warrant. The law provides for detention without criminal charge for up to 14 days if authorized by court order. Persons arrested must be brought before a magistrate within 24 hours, with allowances for travel from distant islands. Police did not always respect this requirement. Authorities generally notified detainees of the charges against them and, unlike in previous years, generally granted family members prompt access to them. Detainees have the right to legal counsel, and indigents generally received free counsel. Courts allowed bail in most cases. Arbitrary Arrest: Authorities committed unlawful detention and arbitrary or false arrest. For example, on September 1, Today in Seychelles reported police arrested political activist Bernard Sullivan for criminal trespass and held him for 24 hours. Sullivan was arrested in the course of researching an article about former president James Michel’s property holdings. Although in an office open to the public, authorities accused Sullivan of “unlawful trespassing” but filed no charges against him. Unlike in the previous years, there were no reports the government arbitrarily arrested demonstrators. Pretrial Detention: The constitution provides that remand (pretrial) prisoners be released after six months of detention if their cases have not been heard, but prolonged pretrial detention was a problem. Prisoners sometimes waited more than three years for trial or sentencing due to case backlogs. Pretrial detainees made up approximately 16 percent of the prison population. Detainee’s Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: The constitution provides the right of persons arrested or detained to challenge the legal basis or arbitrary nature of their detention in court and seek compensation if found to have been unlawfully detained. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor SEYCHELLES 5 e. Denial of Fair Public Trial The constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected judicial independence. Nevertheless, court processes were inefficient, and both civil and criminal court cases generally lasted years. Supreme Court, appeals court, and magistrate court justices were either naturalized citizens or citizens of other Commonwealth countries. Judges generally were impartial. According to Freedom House, however, there were reports the executive branch interfered in the recruitment of foreign