DESIGNING ENGLISH LEARNING MODULES FOR THE HIDDEN TEMPLES TOUR GUIDES IN VIAVIA TRAVEL AGENTS A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By: Reni Fatmasari 07202241020 ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY 2013 DEDICATIONS This thesis is for My mother, Ibu Sri Ponirah, who always wakes up in the middle of night to pray for me. My father in the heaven, Bp. Wiyono, M. He is the best father ever. Ali Haidar Ahmad, a person who is always there for me in every single step I take. My brother, Windy Irawan and his wife, Pungky Andias and also their little daughter, Queena who always support me. My little brother, Rifki Tri Rahmansyah who always becomes my partner in having fun. v MOTTOS So verily, with the hardShip, there iS relief, verily, with the hardShip, there iS relief (Al Insyirah: 5-6) vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to thanks to Allah SWT for the blessing and mercy given to me during my study and finally I can finish this final project. I realize that this thesis project can be done by the help of many people around me. Therefore, in this opportunity I would like to thank people who have given their ideas, time, and everything to me during the writing of this thesis. They are: 1. My first consultant, Mr. Joko Priyana, Ph. D. Thank you very much for being my consultant for one year. All his suggestion are very useful for my thesis. 2. My second consultant, Mrs. B. Yuniar Diyanti, M. Hum. Thank you very much for being the very helpful and patient consultant. Without her suggestion, my thesis will never be the same. 3. My Academic Consultant, Dyah Setyowati Ciptaningrum, M. Ed. and all lecturers of English Education Department of Yogyakarta State University. I thank them for the guidance, support, and knowledge that they have given to me. 4. All the tour guides of Viavia Travel agents who had participated in the research process. 5. My beloved parents, Mr. Wiyono, M.T (Alm) and Mrs Sri Ponirah. I promise to do the best and make you both proud of me. Thank you very much for being the best parents ever. 6. My two brothers, my sister in law, my niece, and all my family who always believe in me and pray for me. I really thank them for supporting me in various ways during my study. 7. My beloved boyfriend, Ali Haidar Ahmad. Thanks a lot for always supporting and loving me. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages TITLE ................................................................................................................. i APPROVAL SHEET ......................................................................................... ii RATIFICATION ................................................................................................ iii STATEMENT .................................................................................................... iv DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................. v MOTTOS ........................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................. xii LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ xiii LIST OF APPENDICES..................................................................................... xiv ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Problem.............................................................. 1 B. Identification of the Problem............................................................ 3 C. Limitation of the Problem ................................................................ 4 D. Formulation of the Problem ............................................................. 5 E. Objective of the Research ................................................................ 5 F. Significance of the Research ............................................................ 5 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 6 A. Literature Review ............................................................................. 6 1. English for the Hidden Temples Tour Guides ............................ 6 2. The Learners’ Characteristics ...................................................... 7 3. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) .......................................... 10 ix a. Definition of ESP .................................................................... 10 b. Needs Analysis for ESP .......................................................... 11 4. Communicative language Teaching (CLT)................................... 13 a. The Definition of CLT .............................................................. 13 b. The Goal of CLT ...................................................................... 14 c. The Characteritics of CLT ........................................................ 15 d. The Principles of CLT .............................................................. 17 5. Seconf Language Acquisition (SLA) ........................................... 18 a. The Definition of SLA.............................................................. 18 b. Input, Interaction and Output.................................................... 19 6. Material Deelopment..................................................................... 21 a. The Nature of Materials............................................................. 21 b. The Principle of Materials Development.................................. 22 c. Characteristics of Good Materials............................................. 23 d. Steps of Designing Materials ................................................... 25 e. Material Design Models ........................................................... 26 f. Materials Evaluation ................................................................. 29 7. Individual Learning ...................................................................... 33 8. Module ......................................................................................... 35 a. Definition of Module ................................................................ 35 b. Characteristics of Learning Module ......................................... 36 c. Components of a Learning Module........................................... 37 B. Conceptual Framework ................................................................... 39 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................. 41 A. Type of the Research ................................................................... 41 B. Setting of the Research................................................................ 42 C. Population and Sample of the Research ...................................... 42 D. Instrument of the Research.......................................................... 43 E. Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 44 x F. Procedures of the Research ................................................................ 46 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................... 47 A. Research Findings ....................................................................... 48 1. The Result of the Needs Analysis........................................... 48 a. The Tour Guides’ Profile .................................................. 48 b. Description of the Tour Guides’ Needs ............................ 48 1) Target Needs................................................................ 48 2) Learning Needs............................................................ 50 2. Course Grid............................................................................. 55 3. Material Design ...................................................................... 56 4. Expert Judgments..................................................................... 60 5. The Try-Out of the Materials................................................... 63 6. The Evaluation of the Second Draft......................................... 67 a. The Decription of the Respondents.................................... 68 b. The Results of Evaluation Questionnaires......................... 68 B. Discussion ................................................................................... 72 1. Goals ...................................................................................... 73 2. Activities ................................................................................ 74 3. Input ....................................................................................... 75 4. Lay Out .................................................................................. 76 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .................................. 77 A. Conclusions ................................................................................... 77 1. The Development of the appropriate English learning module for Tour Guides in