Catalogue no. 12-001-XIE Survey Methodology December 2007 Statistics Statistique Canada Canada How to obtain more information Specifi c inquiries about this product and related statistics or services should be directed to: Business Survey Methods Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6 (telephone: 1-800-263-1136). For information on the wide range of data available from Statistics Canada, you can contact us by calling one of our toll-free numbers. You can also contact us by e-mail or by visiting our website at www.statcan.ca. National inquiries line 1-800-263-1136 National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1-800-363-7629 Depository Services Program inquiries 1-800-700-1033 Fax line for Depository Services Program 1-800-889-9734 E-mail inquiries [email protected] Website www.statcan.ca Accessing and ordering information This product, catalogue no. 12-001-XIE, is available for free in electronic format. To obtain a single issue, visit our website at www.statcan.ca and select Publications. This product, catalogue no. 12-001-XPB, is also available as a standard printed publication at a price of CAN$30.00 per issue and CAN$58.00 for a one-year subscription. The following additional shipping charges apply for delivery outside Canada: Single issue Annual subscription United States CAN$6.00 CAN$12.00 Other countries CAN$10.00 CAN$20.00 All prices exclude sales taxes. The printed version of this publication can be ordered by • Phone (Canada and United States) 1-800-267-6677 • Fax (Canada and United States) 1-877-287-4369 • E-mail [email protected] • Mail Statistics Canada Finance Division R.H. Coats Bldg., 6th Floor 100 Tunney's Pasture Driveway Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 0T6 • In person from authorised agents and bookstores. When notifying us of a change in your address, please provide both old and new addresses. Standards of service to the public Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, reliable and courteous manner. To this end, the Agency has developed standards of service which its employees observe in serving its clients. To obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics Canada toll free at 1-800-263-1136. The service standards are also published on www.statcan.ca under About us > Providing services to Canadians. Statistics Canada Business Survey Methods Division Survey Methodology December 2007 Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada © Minister of Industry, 2008 All rights reserved. The content of this electronic publication may be reproduced, in whole or in part, and by any means, without further permission from Statistics Canada, subject to the following conditions: that it be done solely for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review or newspaper summary, and/or for non-commercial purposes; and that Statistics Canada be fully acknowledged as follows: Source (or “Adapted from”, if appropriate): Statistics Canada, year of publication, name of product, catalogue number, volume and issue numbers, reference period and page(s). Otherwise, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, by any means—electronic, mechanical or photocopy—or for any purposes without prior written permission of Licensing Services, Client Services Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0T6. January 2008 Catalogue no. 12-001-XIE ISSN 1492-0921 Catalogue no. 12-001-XPB ISSN: 0714-0045 Frequency: semi-annual Ottawa Cette publication est disponible en français sur demande (no 12-001-XIF au catalogue). Note of appreciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long-standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued cooperation and goodwill. Survey Methodology A Journal Published by Statistics Canada Volume 33, Number 2, December 2007 Contents In This Issue.................................................................................................................................................................................... 95 Waksberg Invited Paper Series Carl­Erik Särndal The calibration approach in survey theory and practice .................................................................................................. 99 Regular Papers Seppo Laaksonen Weighting for two­phase surveyed data ......................................................................................................................... 121 Pascal Ardilly and Pierre Lavallée Weighting in rotating samples: The SILC survey in France ......................................................................................... 131 Jay J. Kim, Jianzhu Li and Richard Valliant Cell collapsing in poststratification................................................................................................................................. 139 Fulvia Mecatti A single frame multiplicity estimator for multiple frame surveys ................................................................................ 151 David Haziza Variance estimation for a ratio in the presence of imputed data ................................................................................... 159 James Chipperfield and John Preston Efficient bootstrap for business surveys ......................................................................................................................... 167 Jacob J. Oleson, Chong Z. He, Dongchu Sun and Steven L. Sheriff Bayesian estimation in small areas when the sampling design strata differ from the study domains ........................ 173 Enrico Fabrizi, Maria Rosaria Ferrante and Silvia Pacei Small area estimation of average household income based on unit level models for panel data................................ 187 Anne Renaud Estimation of the coverage of the 2000 census of population in Switzerland: Methods and results.......................... 199 Marc N. Elliott and Amelia Haviland Use of a web­based convenience sample to supplement a probability sample............................................................ 211 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................................................................... 217 Statistics Canada, Catalogue No. 12­001­X The paper used in this publication meets the minimum Le papier utilisé dans la présente publication répond aux requirements of American National Standard for Infor- exigences minimales de l’“American National Standard for Infor- mation Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library mation Sciences” – “Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48 - 1984. Materials”, ANSI Z39.48 - 1984. ∞ ∞ Survey Methodology, December 2007 95 Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 95­96 Statistics Canada, Catalogue No. 12­001­X In This Issue This issue of Survey Methodology opens with the seventh paper in the annual invited paper series in honour of Joseph Waksberg. The editorial board would like to thank the members of the selection committee ­ Gordon Brackstone, chair, Bob Groves, Sharon Lohr and Wayne Fuller – for having selected Carl­Erik Särndal as the author of this year’s Waksberg Award paper. For this occasion, a special Workshop on Calibration and Estimation in Surveys (WCES) was organised on October 31 st and November 1 st at Statistics Canada. Professor Carl­Erik Särndal was the keynote speaker and presented his Waksberg paper. During the two days, 12 other speakers presented a paper and paid their tribute to Carl­ Erik Särndal. In his paper entitled “The Calibration Approach in Survey Theory and Practice” Särndal discusses the development and application of calibration in survey sampling. He describes the concept of calibration in some detail and contrasts it with generalized regression. He then describes different approaches to calibration including the minimum distance method, instrumental variables, and model calibration. Several examples of calibration and alternatives are considered. Laaksonen discusses weighting in two phase sampling in which respondents to the first phase are asked if they are willing to participate in the second phase. The weighting thus has to deal with non­response at both phases of the survey, and also account for first­phase respondents who were unwilling to participate in the second phase. Using data from a Finnish survey on leisure­time activities, he empirically evaluates variations on a weighting method that uses response propensity modeling and calibration. The article by Ardilly and Lavallée discusses the weighting problem for the SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey in France. This survey uses a rotating sample plan with nine panels. To obtain approximate estimators without bias, the authors relied on the weight­share method. Longitudinal weighting is discussed first, and then cross­sectional weighting is also discussed. The paper by Kim, Li and Valliant deals with the problem of small cells or large weight adjustments when poststratification is used. The authors first describe several standard estimators and then introduce two alternative estimators based on cell collapsing. They study the performance of these estimators in terms of their effectiveness in controlling the coverage bias and the design variance. These properties are evaluated theoretically and also through a simulation study using