Common Abbreviations Å Angstro¨m units b.p. Boiling point (for example, b.p.0.1 100 means boils at 100 if the pressure is 0.1 mmHg) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relative to carbon 13 (d) Decomposition 20 20 degrees Celsius d Density (for example, d20 specific gravity at 20 C referred to water et 4 C) equiv. Equivalent (E) Geometric stereodescriptor used for compounds having achiral ele- ments resulting from double bonds where the groups of highest pri- ority are on the opposite side of the vertical reference plane 19 F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relative to fluorine 19 GC Gaz chromatography GC-MS Gaz chromatography-mass spectroscopy GLC Gaz-liquid chromatography h Hour 1H NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relative to proton HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography IR Infrared spectra iso- Aliphatic hydrocarbon having two methyl groups on the terminal carbon atom of the chain (for example, (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2-) LD50 Median lethal dose, the quantity of a chemical that is estimated to be fatal to 50 % of the organisms tested m- Meta- M Molar (concentration) min Minute Mol Molecule mol. wt. Molecular weight © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 1123 R. Martin, J.-P. Buisson, Aromatic Hydroxyketones: Preparation & Physical Properties, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14185-5 1124 Common Abbreviations m.p. Melting point MS Mass spectra n- Normal (as n-butyl) N Normal (equivalents per liter, as applied to concentration) N.B. Nota Bene 25 nD Index of refraction (for 25 and sodium light) nm Nanometre o- Ortho- p- Para- Pd/C Palladium on charcoal pKa Log of the reciprocal of the dissociation constant r.t. Room temperature Sadtler Sadtler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia (USA) sec- Secondary- SM Starting Material tert- Tertiary- TLC Thin Layer Chromatography UV Ultraviolet spectra vol. Volume (Z) Opposite of (E) References 1. A.G. fuer Chem. u. Medizin, Forschung: GB 1,114,223 (1966); Chem. Abstr., 69, 96285v (1968). 2. Abd el Rahman, A. H. and Kandeel, E. M.: Indian J. Chem., Sect. B, 20B (9), 819–821 (1981). 3. Abd el Rahman, A. H. and Kandeel, E. M.: J. Heterocycl. Chem., 18 (2), 371–374 (1981). 4. Abd el Rahman, A. H. and Kandeel, E. M.: J. Indian Chem. 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