A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Castro Campos, Bente Research Report Human capital differences or labor market discrimination? The occupational outcomes of ethnic minorities in rural Guizhou (China) Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 73 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Castro Campos, Bente (2013) : Human capital differences or labor market discrimination? The occupational outcomes of ethnic minorities in rural Guizhou (China), Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 73, ISBN 978-3-938584-76-7, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale), http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-26923 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/88183 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. 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Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Bente Castro Campos • Human capital differences or labor market discrimination? market labor or differences capital • Human Campos Castro Bente In der Schriftenreihe Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe werden durch das IAMO Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector MonographienIn der Schriftenreihe und Tagungsberichte Studies on theherausgegeben, Agricultural anddie Foodsich in Central and Eastern Europe mitSector agrarökonomischen in Central and EasternFragestell Europeungen zuwerden Mittel- durch und Osteuropa das IAMO beschäftigen.Monographien Wissenschaftlern, und Tagungsberichte die in diesemherausgegeben, Bereich forschen, die sich stehtmit agrarökonomischen die Schriftenreihe al Fragestells Diskussionsforumungen zu Mittel- offen. und Osteuropa beschäftigen. Wissenschaftlern, die in diesem Bereich forschen, steht die Schriftenreihe als Diskussionsforum offen. In its series Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO publishes monographs and proceedings focusingIn its series on agriculturalStudies on theeconomicAgricultural issues and specific Food Sector to Central in Central and Easternand Eastern Europe. Europe This IAMOseries publishesoffers a forum monog toraphs researchers and proceedings studying thisfocusing area. on agricultural economic issues specific to Central and Eastern Europe. This series offers a forum to researchers studying this area. LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FÜR AGRARENTWICKLUNG IN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPA ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-938584-76-7 ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-938584-76-7 73 Human capital differences or labor market discrimination? The occupational outcomes of ethnic minorities in rural Guizhou (China) Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO Volume 73 Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Human capital differences or Edited by Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development labor market discrimination? in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO The occupational outcomes of ethnic minorities Volume 73 in rural Guizhou (China) by Bente Castro Campos IAMO 2013 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.ddb.de. This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree "doctor agriculturarum" by the Faculty of Natural Sciences III at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg on 14.11.2012. Date of oral examination: 29.04.2013 Supervisor and Reviewer: PD Dr. Martin Petrick Co-Reviewer: PD Dr. Ildikó Bellér-Hann Diese Veröffentlichung kann kostenfrei im Internet unter <www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol73pdf> heruntergeladen werden. This publication can be downloaded free from the website <www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol73pdf>. © 2013 Leibniz-Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Tel.: 49 (345) 2928-0 Fax: 49 (345) 2928-199 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 978-3-938584-76-7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This monograph is the final outcome of my graduate work at the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) in Halle (Saale), Germany. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to everyone who contributed in one way or another to the success of this monograph. I particularly thank my supervisor, Martin Petrick, for stimulating discussions and instructive comments at various stages of my PhD studies. I also would like to express my deepest gratitude to Ildikó Bellér-Hann (University of Copenhagen) and to thank Thomas Glauben for helpful comments. In addition I am extremely grateful to Daphne Katranides (Leipzig University) for language editing and outstanding comments. I also want to thank researchers and administrative staff of Guizhou University and Heinz P. Galler (Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg) for fruitful discus- sions and supportive comments. My thanks, moreover, go to my colleagues of the China international research group at IAMO: Stephan Brosig, Bernhard Brümmer (University of Göttingen), Jens Frayer, Thomas Herzfeld, Lili Jia, Michael Kopsidis, Kelly Labart (FERDI), Karin Kataria, Daniel Müller, Tursinbek Sultan, Zhanli Sun, Xiaobing Wang (CCAP), Xiaohua Yu (University of Göttingen), Yanjie Zhang and Qiran Zhao for their helpful comments and suggestions throughout the duration of this work; moreover, I thank all other colleagues at IAMO for the supportive wor- king environment. Special thanks go to Balgah Roland Azibo, Kinga Boenning, Gertrud Buchenrieder, Kathrin Happe, Gabriele Mewes and Nadine Wettstein. This monograph uses data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). I thank the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China Center for Di- sease Control and Prevention, Carolina Population Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the NIH, (R01-HD30880, DK056350 and R01-HD38700) and the Fogarty International Center, NIH for financial support for the CHNS data collection and analysis files from 1989 to 2006 and both parties plus the China- Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, for support for CHNS 2009 and future surveys. The financial support from the 2008 "Pakt für Innovation und Forschung des Bundes und der Länder" is gratefully acknowledged. Last but not least, I am extremely grateful to my husband, Iván, to my family and to my friends for their support and encouragement. Bente Castro Campos Hong Kong, November 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements........................................................................................ i Table of contents............................................................................................ iii List of tables................................................................................................... vii List of figures ................................................................................................. ix List of pictures ............................................................................................... xi List of maps.................................................................................................... xi List of abbreviations...................................................................................... xiii List of important symbols............................................................................. xv Monetary equivalence ................................................................................... xvii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Ethnic differences in labor market outcomes...................................................... 2 1.2 Ethnic differences in educational attainment ...................................................... 4 1.3 Preferential policies................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Resulting research questions................................................................................