October 2015 Project Code: 2013 SF 07 Documentation of Community Conserved Areas of Nagaland Submitted to Department of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of Nagaland Documentation of Community-Conserved Areas of Nagaland Project Team Adviser: Dr. J V Sharma, IFS Mr. Siddharth Edake (Principal Investigator) Dr. Pia Sethi Ms Vidhu Kapur Dr. Bibhu Prasad Nayak Mr Vivek Ratan (GIS maps) Mr Kapil Kumar Mr. Balwant Singh Negi Mr Bhupal Singh For more information Mr Siddharth Edake, Associate Fellow Forestry & Biodiversity Group T E R I Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 Darbari Seth Block E-mail pmcatteri.res.in IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org India India +91 • Delhi (0)11 ii Documentation of Community-Conserved Areas of Nagaland Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ V ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... VII CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................3 The Study Area ......................................................................................................................................3 Approach ................................................................................................................................................3 Investigation Team ................................................................................................................................3 Study Tools and Techniques ................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 3. A SYNOPSIS OF NAGALAND‟S COMMUNITY-CONSERVED AREAS ..........................................9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................9 The Findings ......................................................................................................................................... 10 District-wise number of Community-Conserved Areas ......................................................... 10 Declaration of Community-Conserved Areas .......................................................................... 11 Individual and Jointly Managed CCAs ..................................................................................... 13 Signing of an MoU with the State Forest Department ............................................................ 15 Land ownership patterns in Community-Conserved Areas .................................................. 16 Vegetation Status of Community-Conserved Areas................................................................ 18 CHAPTER 4. BIODIVERSITY OF NAGALAND‟S COMMUNITY-CONSERVED AREAS ..................................... 21 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Previous Biodiversity Surveys ........................................................................................................... 22 Biodiversity listed in this survey ....................................................................................................... 23 Glimpses of Biodiversity documented from Nagaland.................................................................. 25 People‟s Biodiversity Registers .......................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 5. NATURE OF NAGALAND‟S COMMUNITY-CONSERVED AREAS ............................................. 29 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Origins of Community-Conserved Areas in Nagaland ................................................................. 30 Objectives of CCA creation ................................................................................................................ 32 Monitoring rules and conservation practices of CCAs .................................................................. 37 Sanctioning and rule enforcement in CCAs ..................................................................................... 39 The outcomes and benefits of community conservation ................................................................ 41 Major Challenges to Conservation .................................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 5. THE WAY FORWARD ........................................................................................................... 45 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Annexure 1: District-wise location of Community Conserved Areas from Nagaland .............. 53 Annexure 2: LULC Map depicting CCAs in Nagaland .................................................................. 55 iii Documentation of Community-Conserved Areas of Nagaland Annexure 3: District-wise details of Community Conserved Areas from Nagaland ............... 57 Annexure 4: District wise detailed List of Community-Conserved Areas in Nagaland ........... 75 Annexure 5: District wise information on Community-Conserved Areas in Nagaland ........... 95 Annexure 6: Sample MoU signed between Nagaland Forest Department and Tsiemekhuma village, Kohima ............................................................................................................................. 99 Annexure 7: Sample MoU signed between Nagaland Forest Department & Phek village ..... 103 Annexure 8: Questionnaire Format of Documentation of Community Conservation Areas in Nagaland ..................................................................................................................................... 107 iv Documentation of Community-Conserved Areas of Nagaland Acknowledgements This study has only been possible due to the contribution and support of many individuals. TERI is especially grateful to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and Head of the Forest Force in Nagaland, Shri Lokeswara Rao, IFS, for his guidance, support and very valuable advice throughout the project. We especially thank Shri Lokeswara Rao and his entire team for giving us this unforgettable opportunity to visit Nagaland, and to work on the documentation of community-conserved areas. Our sincere thanks goes to Shri Temjenyabang Jamir, IFS, Conservator of Forests, who spared his valuable time, and extended his full cooperation to us. We thank the Divisional Forest Officers (DFOs) of all divisions, who spared their time, and facilitated the difficult process of information collection. Special thanks are due to the Range Forest Officers (RFOs), and front-line staff that helped at every stage and accompanied us on our field visits. We gratefully acknowledge their important contribution to the study. We are also thankful to the entire NEPED team (Nagaland Empowerment of People through Environment Development), Ms Neema Pathak Broome from Kalpavriksh and Mr Nimesh Ved for their valuable inputs at the start of the project that helped in refining our ideas and approach. The study happened smoothly due to the active participation shown by the communities; without their cooperation, this would not have been possible. Various functionaries like the Chairman/Head GB, Gaon Burrahs (GBs), Treasurer and Secretary, Tribal Hohos, Village Council Committee (VC) and Village Development Board (VDB) members have voluntarily shared all their information pertaining to CCAs. Our sincere thanks to all of them for sparing their valuable time and hospitality, patiently answering our questions, and providing invaluable information to the TERI team. Special thanks to women church group members and Self Help Groups (SHG) members of different villages who actively participated in all the focus group discussions. We greatly acknowledge their contribution in this work and wish them luck in their future endeavours. Special thanks go to the entire survey team who collected and collated data under varied and often difficult conditions. This project would also not have been possible without the help received from innumerable people. At every stage of the project, many individuals provided much hospitality and shared of their immense knowledge and experience with us. We thank them all. v Documentation of Community-Conserved Areas of Nagaland Abbreviations CCA Community-Conserved Area FDA Forest Development Authority FES Foundation for Ecological Security FGD Focused Group Discussion GIS- Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System IEK Indigenous Ecological Knowledge KNCTS Khonoma Nature Conservation and Tragopan Sanctuary MoU Memorandum of Understanding Msl Mean Sea Level NBDR Nagaland Biological Diversity Rules NEPED Nagaland Empowerment of People through Environment Development ISFR Indian State of Forest Report IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature PA Protected Area PBR People‟s Biodiversity Register SACON Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology