private and public shares, tangible factors exist which make it necessary to and remove any documents and material facing the accusations. They are usually judge. Receivership orders are generally Cross-border Fraud of that agreement as a means of injuring the • When a person acts as a trustee to hold These may not necessarily have their origins in • Deliver up assets to the claimant’s This is because if you do: • The defendant knew that the representation Other Orders Available to Challenging Orders property (such as vehicles and land) and impose an order that covers assets outside of described by the order. coupled with a “gagging order” to prevent applied for after a freezing order is in place. claimant and that the claimant suffered a loss. property which belongs to the a fraud claim but fraud allegations may form solicitors or make a payment into court A leading, award-winning UK and global law firm was false Those Seeking to Recover intangible property (such as goodwill in a the UK. the bank informing their customer that This is because a receivership order is applied This can lead to investigations being beneficiary part of any legal action. • You lose control. The police have their • The defendant intended that the Assets Just as anyone is entitled to bring a civil fraud business or intellectual property rights). The primary purpose of a search order is the account information has been for on the grounds that a freezing order - conducted in a number of countries Examples of unlawful means conspiracy • When an agent agrees to act on behalf The court may also order that a receiver own methods of securing evidence representation would induce the claimant to claim, an individual who is named as the The court will look into the location and nature the preserving of evidence that is relevant disclosed. The gagging order will be for a which freezes assets but still leaves them in the and/or proceedings being brought in include: of a principal and assumes power to be appointed over your assets. This is which include arrests, raids and act Chabra Orders Sham Trusts alleged perpetrator of a fraud has every right A freezing order is a powerful form of of the assets in question, the level of disruption to a claimant’s case. A search order is set period of time to allow analysis of the hands of the respondent - provides more than one jurisdiction. Knowledge alter his legal position likely to happen if the court feels it is to contest the allegations and the civil law interviews under caution. You can have • The claimant suffered a loss • A director conspiring with a company of relief, as it restrains a defendant from caused by freezing them and at the effect on generally used to prevent a defendant Anyone involved in fraud will usually make use information received, although it can be inadequate protection; hence the need for a and experience of the law in a variety of • Brokers who introduce agents to their A trust will be deemed a sham when the unable to trust you to deal with the assets means by which the claim is pursued. One no influence over those. Additionally, which he is a director. dealing with the asset. Failure to comply any third parties and any litigation; including from destroying or hiding documentary or of third parties – such as a marital partner or extended on application. receiver to be appointed to take control over countries will be essential in such cases. clients requirements for the creating of a valid trust without breaching a freezing order. important way in which this can be done is to the pace at which assets are secured (if Bringing A Civil Fraud Claim • A shareholder conspiring with a company in at all) is very slow in these situations. with the freezing order will result in any related litigation in other countries. other evidence they possess which might associate - to hold assets for them, as this the asset. have not been satisfied. A sham trust must challenge the order that the person who is Unjust Enrichment which he owns shares. A breach of fiduciary duty can be • There can be situations where a civil In order to pursue fraud-related claims, it is separate contempt of court proceedings support the claimant’s case. helps disguise their true ownership. A Chabra Receivership Orders also involve some form of deception. If this is Such potential obligations can seem bringing the claim has obtained or is seeking to • A parent company conspiring with its characterised as dishonest if one person case against the defendant will not be important to obtain strategic advice. Such where the court has the power to impose Disclosure Orders Order is an interim relief that can be used in Receivers can be appointed for assets such as the case, the so-called trust is a nullity, excessive and unnecessary. This is obtain. The essence of unjust enrichment relates subsidiary deliberately acts knowing that the course able to proceed until the criminal advice can enable the tracing and, where a sentence of imprisonment. A search order only tends to be made circumstances where third parties hold the A receiver may be appointed at the rental properties, dividends from shares meaning it is legally void. If this is the case and precisely why you need to appoint a legal to wrongdoing; when the defendant is • Inducing a breach of contract. of action is contrary to the other party’s proceedings are over. possible, freezing of stolen assets. In large-scale fraud claims, disclosure when there is no alternative way of defendant’s assets that are the subject of the pre-judgement stage in an effort to (where they may have full power to exercise the assets have been transferred to a trustee, team with the appropriate expertise to Freezing Orders enriched at the expense of the claimant. • The police do not always have the In order to make a successful application applications are quite often very important. ensuring that justice is done for the fraud accusations. preserve assets until a judgement has the rights of the shareholder) and assets that interests or is recklessly indifferent to that they will be held in a resulting trust for the represent you. It can take the most An example would be if a person gives The advantage to bringing a claim for possibility. resources to bring a fraud investigation There are a number of tools available to for a freezing order you will have to show applicant. For this reason, it is important been made in proceedings. This is a tool belong to or are controlled by the respondent settlor – the original possessor of the assets – strategic, experienced legal The applicant has a duty to make full and frank money to another person to invest in an conspiracy is that it enables the claimant to to a swift conclusion, so a criminal recover any potential losses. These are known that there was an underlying cause of This is because they can help establish: that expert legal advice is sought before The third party is not alleged to be liable for the that assists post-judgement for the until the matter has been legally resolved. representatives to persuade a court to disclosure to the court when seeking a freezing “Exceptional lawyers. Quality of agreed venture but the second person potentially target a wider range of defendants; If someone owes a fiduciary duty to investigation could take much longer as interim reliefs. While interim reliefs can be of action (the alleged fraud) and that there is applying for a search order, as the fraud or directly accountable to the claimant. realisation of assets to meet any Defending a receivership order can involve drop such conditions. order. This is in order to ensure fairness in keeps the money for himself instead of including many who may not be central another and engages in fraud, it amounts preparation is a particular strength." than civil proceedings. great use in helping to locate and regain assets a real risk of dissipation. If this course of • The current location of the property or likelihood of obtaining one and the The beneficial owner is still considered to be judgement and it is increasingly used by arguing that appointing a receiver is Defending Civil Fraud Claims circumstances where the respondent is not investing it. If the circumstances are such characters in the fraud but still played a part in CHAMBERS UK GUIDE, 2019 action is taken, it must be done quickly. proceeds from it possible value of other options need to be the defendant but a Chabra Order enables the claimants in civil fraud proceedings. unnecessary, a step too far, a substantial to a breach of the core obligation of It is likely that you will have to serve an • A criminal prosecution – even a that have been taken fraudulently, it is it being carried out. But any such claim will before the court to put his case. When such an If a civil fraud case goes to court, it will do so thorough, innovative approach ensures the successful one – will not guarantee that Failure to do so could lead to criticism • The identity of potential defendants and the assessed. claimant to freeze assets that are in the intrusion into the respondent’s affairs and / or that it is unjust for the defendant to retain loyalty. Fiduciary duties provide the basis Receiving an Order affidavit within two days, disclosing all of important that they are employed swiftly. need to be thought out and planned carefully injunction is made “without notice” to another after a huge amount of preparatory work right strategy and tactics are employed so the person who reported the fraud will from the court for delaying and may lead basis for claims against them possession of the third party.