A joint initiative of the ETH domain and Swiss Federal Offices Code of Practice Data v2.0 (2007) Rolf Frischknecht, Niels Jungbluth, Hans-Jörg Althaus, Christian Bauer, Gabor Doka, Roberto Dones, Roland Hischier, Thomas Nemecek, Alex Primas, Gregor Wernet ecoinvent report No. 2 Dübendorf, Dezember 2007 Project "ecoinvent data v2.0" Commissioners Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Lausanne (EPFL) Dübendorf Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Swiss Federal Office for the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Environment (BAFU-FOEN), Bern Testing and Research (Empa) Swiss Federal Office for Energy (BFE) ,Bern Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture Station (ART) (BLW), Bern Participating consultants ecoinvent Board Basler & Hofmann, Zürich Alexander Wokaun (Chair) PSI, Villigen Bau- und Umweltchemie, Zürich Gérard Gaillard, Agroscope Carbotech AG, Basel Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station, Chudacoff Oekoscience, Zürich ART, Zürich Doka Life Cycle Assessments, Zürich Lorenz Hilty, Empa, St .Gallen Dr. Werner Environment & Development Konrad Hungerbühler, ETHZ, Zürich Ecointesys-Life Cycle Systems Sarl. François Maréchal, EPFL, Lausanne ENERS Energy Concept, Lausanne ESU-services Ltd., Uster ecoinvent Advisory Council: Infras AG, Bern Norbert Egli, BAFU, Bern Umwelt- und Kompostberatung ,Grenchen Mark Goedkoop, PRé Consultants B.V. Patrick Hofstetter, WWF, Zürich Software Development Roland Högger, öbu / Geberit AG, ifu Hamburg GmbH Rapperswil Project leader Christoph Rentsch, BAFU Mark Zimmermann, BFE Rolf Frischknecht, ecoinvent Centre Institutes of the ecoinvent Centre Marketing and Sales Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Annette Köhler, ecoinvent Centre Zürich (ETHZ) Project "ecoinvent 2000" (v1.0 1–v1.3) Commissioners Participating institutes and consultants Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Swiss Federal Institute of Dübendorf Technology Zürich (ETHZ) Swiss Federal Roads Authority (ASTRA), Bern Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Swiss Federal Office for Construction and Lausanne (EPFL) Logistics (BBL), Bern Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Swiss Federal Office for Energy, (BFE) , Bern Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (BLW), Testing and Research (EMPA) Bern Swiss Federal Institute fo r Environmental Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests Science and Technology (EAWAG) and Landscape (BUWAL-SAEFL), Bern Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture ecoinvent Board (Agroscope FAL Reckenholz) Xaver Edelmann (Chair) EMPA, St. Gallen Swiss Federal Research Station for Alain Cuche, ASTRA, Bern Agricultural Economics and Engineering Norbert Egli, BUWAL, Bern (Agroscope FAT Taenikon) Reinhard Friedli, BBL, Bern Chudacoff Oekoscience, Zürich Gérard Gaillard, Agroscope FAL Doka Life Cycle Assessments, Zürich Reckenholz, Zürich ESU-services, Uster Paul W. Gilgen, EMPA, St.Gallen Stefan Hirschberg, PSI, Villigen Software Development Stefanie Hellweg, ETHZ, Zürich ifu Hamburg GmbH Olivier Jolliet, EPFL, Lausanne Project leader Thomas Köllner, ETHZ, Zürich Susanne Kytzia, EAWAG, Dübendorf Rolf Frischknecht, ESU-services, Uster Christoph Rentsch, BUWAL, Bern Klaus Richter, EMPA, Dübendorf Mark Zimmermann, BFE, Bern Code of Practice Subproject "Methodology" Responsibility This report has been prepared on behalf Authors of one or several Federal Offices (see Rol fFrischknecht,ecoinvent Centre , Empa "Commissioners"). The final responsibili - Niels Jungbluth, ESU-services Ltd. ty for contents and conclusions remains Hans-Jörg Althaus, EMPA with the authors of this report. Christian Bauer, PSI Gabor Doka, Doka Life Cycle Assessments Terms of Use Roberto Dones, PSI Data published in the reports and data Roland Hischier, EMPA files of this CD-ROM and via the Internet Thomas Nemecek, ART are subject to the ecoinvent terms of Alex Primas, Basler & Hofmann use, in particular paragraphs 4 and 8. Gregor Wernet, ETHZ - ICB The ecoinvent terms of use (condi - tions.pdf) can be downloaded via the Contact address Internet (www.ecoinvent.org). ecoinvent Centre P.O. Box Liability CH-8600 Dübendorf Information contained herein have www.ecoinvent.org been compiled or arrived from sources [email protected] believed to be reliable. Nevertheless, the authors or their organizations do not accept liability for any loss or damage arising from the use thereof. Using the given information is strictly your own responsibility. Acknowledgement ecoinvent Acknowledgement ecoinvent Data v2.0 Data v1.01 to 1.3 After the successful launch of ecoinvent The first steps for the ecoinvent project data v1.0 and its fast and broad penetra - have been taken during the late 1990ties. tion in the LCA scene, the preparation of In the first phase of the project financing version 2.0 was due. We thank all institu - and its positioning in existing institutions tions which continued to support the furt - were negotiated. We thank all the persons her development of the ecoinvent databa - involved in this phase who helped to start se and the investigation of the ecoinvent up this project. data. We thank the institutions which supported We wish to thank the main commissioners, the development of the ecoinvent databa - the Swiss Federal Office for the Environ- se and the investigation of the ecoinvent ment (FOEN-BAFU), the Swiss Federal data. Office for Energy (BFE), and the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (BLW), that The individual projects for data harmonisa - funded individual projects of data compi- tion and compilation were funded by the lation and data updates. We thank all Swiss Federal Roads Authority (ASTRA), the other institutions that funded selected Swiss Federal Office for Construction and parts of the work. They are mentioned in Logistics (BBL), the Swiss Federal Office the respective final reports. for Energy (BFE), the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (BLW), and the Swiss Besides this, several institutions took care Agency for the Environment, Forests and of the implementation of the knowledge Landscape (BUWAL). gained into daily practice, in particular in the building sector. We wish to thank the The database software development was Swiss Federal Office for Buildings and funded by the Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Logistics, the Amt für Hochbauten of the Inventories and the salary for the project City of Zürich and the Association eco-bau management by EMPA and the Swiss Centre for their engagement to bring life cycle for Life Cycle Inventories. thinking to engineers and architects. I Table of Contents Acknowledgement Data v2.0 I 5.1.10 Building materials 19 Acknowledgement Data v1.01 to 1.3 I 5.1.11 Chemicals and solvents 20 Table of Contents II 5.1.12 Metals 20 5.1.13 Packaging + graphical paper 21 1 Welcome 1 5.1.14 Wood 22 2 Overview and Objective 2 5.1.15 Renewable materials 23 2.1 Contents of this booklet 2 5.1.16 Waste treatment 23 2.2 Contents of the ecoinvent CD-ROM 2 5.1.17 Electronics 24 2.3 Objective of the ecoinvent projects 3 5.1.18 Mechanical engineering 25 3 Content of the ecoinvent data 4 5.2 Product systems including 3.1 Process data 4 or excluding infrastructure 26 3.2 Elementary flows 6 5.3 Comparative LCA with ecoinvent data 26 3.3 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) 5.4 Uncertainty information 26 methods 7 5.5 Multi-output processes 27 4 How to access ecoinvent data 9 5.6 Aggregate elementary flow data 28 4.1 Download from the internet 9 5.7 Use of impact assessment results 29 4.2 LCA software tools 9 5.8 How to reproduce and quote 4.3 Excel-Files on CD-ROM 10 ecoinvent data in case studies 30 4.4 Selected results in the final reports 10 6 How to change ecoinvent data 31 5 How to use ecoinvent data 11 6.1 General remarks 31 5.1 Selection of the appropriate datasets 11 6.2 Change of inputs or outputs, 5.1.1 Introduction 11 change of amounts 31 5.1.2 Electricity demand 11 6.3 Change of allocation approaches 5.1.3 Demand for energy carriers 12 and allocation factors 31 5.1.4 Fuel combustion and heat supply 13 6.4 How to quote adapted versions 5.1.5 Bioenergy 14 of ecoinvent data 32 5.1.6 Photovoltaics 15 7 Correction of errors 33 5.1.7 Emerging small scale combined 7.1 Announcement of known errors 33 heat and power systems 15 7.2 Questions and reporting of errors 33 5.1.8 Transport services 16 5.1.9 Agricultura l product s an d processes 18 Abbreviations 34 II 1 Welcome We welcome you as a member to the to read this document before starting to ecoinvent database. The LCA (life cycle work with the ecoinvent data. assessment) database ecoinvent contains about 4’000 datasets of products and We start with an overview of the database services covering energy (including oil, contents. Recommendations are given natural gas, hard coal, lignite, nuclear which data to use for different purposes. energy, hydro power, photovoltaics, solar Procedures are described how to work heat, wind power, electricity mixes, with ecoinvent data and warnings are bioenergy), transport, building materials, stated which refer to limitations of data wood (European and tropical wood), re- use in LCA case studies. Finally, admini - newable fibres, metals (including precious strative issues are mentioned which mainly metals), chemicals (including detergents cover the quoting of the source and the and petrochemical solvents), electronics, reproduction of ecoinvent data in LCA case mechanical engineering (metals treatment studies. and compressed air), paper and pulp, plastics, waste treatment and agricultural products. In this booklet we highlight We strongly recommend to read this aspects which we consider important to booklet before starting to work with know while working with the ecoinvent ecoinvent data. data. The objective is to support the selection of appropriate datasets for a given LCA problem and the accurate use of ecoinvent datasets in LCA case studies. Experiences gained in the past and during the compila - tion of the datasets and limitations in applicability of the data on the one hand, the prevention of unintentional misuse and errors due to misunderstandings on the other were the main motivations to write this code of practice.