PoCS | @pocsvox Manifesto A Complex Systems Manifesto Principles of Complex Systems | @pocsvox Defining Complexity CSYS/MATH 300, Fall, 2017 A Manifesto References Prof. Peter Dodds | @peterdodds Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics | Vermont Complex Systems Center Vermont Advanced Computing Core | University of Vermont PoCS Principles of Complex Systems @pocsvox What's the Story? PoCS Principles of Complex Systems @pocsvox What's the Story? Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. 1 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox These slides are brought to you by: Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto References PoCS Principles of Complex Systems @pocsvox What's the Story? . 2 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox These slides are also brought to you by: Manifesto Special Guest Executive Producer: Pratchett Defining Complexity A Manifesto References PoCS Principles of Complex Systems @pocsvox What's the Story? On Instagram at pratchett_the_cat . 3 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Outline Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto References Defining Complexity A Manifesto References PoCS Principles of Complex Systems @pocsvox What's the Story? . 4 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto References Complex: (Latin = with + fold/weave (com + plex)) Adjective: 1. Made up of multiple parts; intricate or detailed. 2. Not simple or straightforward. 7 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto Complicated versus Complex: References Complicated: Mechanical watches, airplanes, ... Engineered systems can be made to be highly robust but not adaptable. But engineered systems can become complex (power grid, planes). They can also fail spectacularly. Explicit distinction: Complex Adaptive Systems. 8 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto Complicated versus Complex: References Complicated: Mechanical watches, airplanes, ... Engineered systems can be made to be highly robust but not adaptable. But engineered systems can become complex (power grid, planes). They can also fail spectacularly. Explicit distinction: Complex Adaptive Systems. 8 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto Complicated versus Complex: References Complicated: Mechanical watches, airplanes, ... Engineered systems can be made to be highly robust but not adaptable. But engineered systems can become complex (power grid, planes). They can also fail spectacularly. Explicit distinction: Complex Adaptive Systems. 8 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto Complicated versus Complex: References Complicated: Mechanical watches, airplanes, ... Engineered systems can be made to be highly robust but not adaptable. But engineered systems can become complex (power grid, planes). They can also fail spectacularly. Explicit distinction: Complex Adaptive Systems. 8 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto Complicated versus Complex: References Complicated: Mechanical watches, airplanes, ... Engineered systems can be made to be highly robust but not adaptable. But engineered systems can become complex (power grid, planes). They can also fail spectacularly. Explicit distinction: Complex Adaptive Systems. 8 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox A while ago: The Wikipedia on Complex Manifesto Systems: Defining “Complexity science is not a single theory: it Complexity encompasses more than one theoretical framework A Manifesto and is highly interdisciplinary, seeking the answers to References some fundamental questions about living, adaptable, changeable systems.” Now: “Complex systems present problems both in mathematical modelling and philosophical foundations. The study of complex systems represents a new approach to science that investigates how relationships between parts give rise to the collective behaviors of a system and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment.” . 9 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox A while ago: The Wikipedia on Complex Manifesto Systems: Defining “Complexity science is not a single theory: it Complexity encompasses more than one theoretical framework A Manifesto and is highly interdisciplinary, seeking the answers to References some fundamental questions about living, adaptable, changeable systems.” Now: “Complex systems present problems both in mathematical modelling and philosophical foundations. The study of complex systems represents a new approach to science that investigates how relationships between parts give rise to the collective behaviors of a system and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment.” . 9 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity Nino Boccara in Modeling Complex Systems: A Manifesto [3] “... there is no universally accepted definition of a References complex system ... most researchers would describe a system of connected agents that exhibits an emergent global behavior not imposed by a central controller, but resulting from the interactions between the agents.” Philip Ball in Critical Mass: [2] “...complexity theory seeks to understand how order and stability arise from the interactions of many components according to a few simple rules.” . 10 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto Defining Complexity Nino Boccara in Modeling Complex Systems: A Manifesto [3] “... there is no universally accepted definition of a References complex system ... most researchers would describe a system of connected agents that exhibits an emergent global behavior not imposed by a central controller, but resulting from the interactions between the agents.” Philip Ball in Critical Mass: [2] “...complexity theory seeks to understand how order and stability arise from the interactions of many components according to a few simple rules.” . 10 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: Defining Complexity Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control References exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1] Other features/aspects: Explicit nonlinear relationships. Presence of feedback loops. Being open or driven, opaque boundaries. Memory. Modular (nested)/multiscale structure. Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature. 11 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: Defining Complexity Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control References exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1] Other features/aspects: Explicit nonlinear relationships. Presence of feedback loops. Being open or driven, opaque boundaries. Memory. Modular (nested)/multiscale structure. Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature. 11 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: Defining Complexity Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control References exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1] Other features/aspects: Explicit nonlinear relationships. Presence of feedback loops. Being open or driven, opaque boundaries. Memory. Modular (nested)/multiscale structure. Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature. 11 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: Defining Complexity Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control References exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1] Other features/aspects: Explicit nonlinear relationships. Presence of feedback loops. Being open or driven, opaque boundaries. Memory. Modular (nested)/multiscale structure. Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature. 11 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: Defining Complexity Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control References exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1] Other features/aspects: Explicit nonlinear relationships. Presence of feedback loops. Being open or driven, opaque boundaries. Memory. Modular (nested)/multiscale structure. Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature. 11 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Definitions Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: Defining Complexity Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control References exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1] Other features/aspects: Explicit nonlinear relationships. Presence of feedback loops. Being open or driven, opaque boundaries. Memory. Modular (nested)/multiscale structure. Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature. 11 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Examples of Complex Systems: Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto human societies animal societies References financial systems disease ecologies cells brains ant colonies social insects weather systems geophysical ecosystems systems power grids Internet + Web i.e., everything that’s interesting … . 12 of 23 PoCS | @pocsvox Relevant fields: Manifesto Defining Complexity A Manifesto Medical References Physics Cognitive Sciences Economics Sciences Systems Biology Sociology Engineering