z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 08, pp.55377-55383, August, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE WHEAT ABNORMALITIES ASSESSMENT IN SOUTH WESTERN PUNJAB *,1Poonam Rani and 2Anita Singh 1Carrier Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India 2University College of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab-151302, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The investigation on different kind of abnormalities in wheat produced in South Western Punjab were Received 22nd May, 2017 done during 2016-2017. To know the status of wheat seed, 500 wheat samples were collected from 47 Received in revised form different grain markets belonging to 10 districts of Punjab. The abnormalities of seeds were 25th June, 2017 categorized into wrinkled seeds, discoloured seeds, and two fungal diseases i.e. Black Point and Accepted 28th July, 2017 Karnal Bunt disease. It was found that Karnal Bunt (KB) was least (20%) in Faridkot and Sangrur Published online 31st August, 2017 district whereas Abohar district was totally disease – free. Black Point (BP) was most susceptible inBarnala, Fazilka, Moga, Muktsar and Sangrur. Most susceptible varieties were HD3086, HD2733, Key words: HD2967, HD2329 and WH1105 for KB and BP. Karnal Bunt, Black Point, Wheat, Grain market, Varieties Copyright©2017, Poonam Rani and Anita Singh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Poonam Rani and Anita Singh, 2017. “Wheat abnormalities assessment in south western Punjab”, International Journal of Current Research, 9, (08), 55377-55383. INTRODUCTION in KB. Whereas in BP brown to black discolouration usually restricted to the embryonic end of the grain were observed In India, Punjab is contributed about 60% wheat to the national (Ehsan-ul- Haqet al., 2002; Adlakha and Joshi, 1974). These grain pool (Sharma et al., 2004). In seeds, abnormality is a pathogen not only reduces the weight of seeds but also causes major constraint in crop production. These seed abnormalities deterioration of flour quality due to production of are in various form like wrinkled seeds, discoloured seeds and trimethylamine (Singh et al., 1993). The seeds results in poor fungal infestation (Nanaiah et al., 1986 and Tanaka et al., stands and reduced field emergence and market value 1990). The types and severity of seed abnormalities are (Tenkouano and Sereme, 1996; Khanumet al., 1987; Rahman dependent on the type and pathogenic potential of the and Islam, 1998; Rees et al., 1984; Chaudhary et al., 1984; associated fungi as well as the weather conditions (Owolade et Solanki et al., 2006). An effort has been made to highlight the al., 2001; Fernandez and Conner, 2011). Seed-borne fungus status of different grain markets of Punjab through the are very common causes for seed abnormalities and often assessment of seed abnormalities in South Western Punjab accounts for a large percentage of crop losses (Varshney, during 2016-17. 1990). Today the minor diseases like Karnal Bunt (KB) and Black Point (BP) has emerged as one of the major constraints. MATERIALS AND METHODS The BP occurs almost all over the world wherever wheat is grown (Mathur and Cunfer, 1993). Dry inspection of seeds Karnal bunt (KB), is incited by Neovossia indica (Mitra) In order to observe frequency of seed abnormality, 50 grain Mundkur. It is widely distributed and economically important market were visited. Ten samples of 15 wheat varieties, in wheat growing countries (Singh 1997) measuring about 500gm to 1Kg were collected at an interval of 3 month in thick brown paper bags from each unclean heap Whereas Black point caused mainly by Bipolarissorokiniana, belonging to different farmers. The collected samples were Alternariaalternata, Cladosporiumcladosporioides, brought to the laboratory for further analysis. CurvularialunataandFusariumspp. (Fakir, 1998). The disease Each variety was examined by visual inspection under the is characterized by the presence of mass of bunt spores stereoscopic binocular microscopes. Normal seeds werehaving smooth coat, light brown to butter colour without *Corresponding author: Poonam Rani, discolouration or fungal propagates. Abnormal seeds Carrier Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India. 55378 Poonam Rani and Anita Singh, Wheat abnormalities assessment in south western Punjab werehaving malformed seed shapes, wrinkled seed coats, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION discolouration or having fungal propagates. Four replicate samples having 100 seeds per variety was examined and A total of 50 grain markets have been surveyed in 2016-17 further abnormal grains count were done. Average percent of from 10 districts of Punjab. The total 500 samples were different abnormal seeds from each district were calculated. collected. Calculation: Percent frequency of KB infected samples ═ n/N× 100 Table 1. Status of Av% Karnal Bunt (KB) –free areas and varieties in different grain markets of Punjab (2016-2017) Percentage of KB-free varieties of wheat samples in different grain markets of Punjab Area 80-85% Above 85-90% Above90-95% Above 95% Free Areas Abohar District AboharMandi - - - - DBW17 PBW 509 HD3086, PBW550, HD2851, HD2967 Kallarkhera - - - - HD 2967 Balluna - - - - HD 2967 Barnala District Thikriwala - - - HD2967 HD3086 BarnalaMandi - - - HD2967 HD2733 Jhaloor - - - - PBW725 HD2967 Bathinda District BathindaMandi - - HD2967 - HD2687 Kotshamir/KotFatta - - - HD2967 HD3086 Badhiwala(RampuraPhul - - - HD2967 HD3086 PBW725 Talwandi Sabo - - - HD2733 HD2967 HD 2851 PBW34 Ramanmandi - - - HD2967 HD3086 HD2733 Pithu(RampuraPhul) - - - - HD2967 PBW725 HD3086 RampuraPhul - - - - HD 2851 Talwandi Bhai - - - HD2967 - BathindaMandi Bhucho - - - - HD2733 HD2967 Tung Wali - - - - HD2967 HD3086 KamaluSwaitch - - - - HD2967 LehraMohabbat - - - HD3086 - Faridkot District Faridkot Mandi - - - - HD3086 Kabuli Wala - - - WH1105 HD3086 Pipli - - - - HD2967 Golewala - - - - PDW 291 Fazilka District Fazilka Mandi - - - HD2967 - Ferozpur District Ferozpur Mandi - - - HD2967 - Guru HarSahai - - - - PBW502 Jalalabad - - - PBW509 PBW502 Mansa District Mansa Mandi - - - - HD2967 HD3086 Matti - - HD2967 HD3086 Sardulgarh - - - - HD2967 HD3086 Bareta(Budhlada) - - - - HD2967 ThuthiaWali - - - HD2967 Bhikhi - - - - HD3086 Rori - - - HD2967 HD2329 Budhlada - - - - PBW725 BhammoKalan - - - - HD2967 NangalKalan - - - - HD2967 Moga District Dharamkot - - HD2967 - - Continue……….. 55379 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 9, Issue, 08, pp.55377-55383, August, 2017 Bhinder Kalan - - - - HD3086 MogaMandi - - - - HD2967 HD3086 BaghaPurana - - - HD2967 Manuke - - - - HD2967 Muktsar District Mahan Bhaddar - - - HD2967 PBW725 HD3086 Gidderbaha - - - - HD3086 Muktsarmandi - - - HD2967 HD3086 Badal - - - - HD3086 Orbit Bhunder - - - - HD3086 Lambi - - - - HD3086 Sangrur District Bhullarheri - - - HD2967 HD3086 Sangrur Mandi - - - - HD3086 PBW34 Loharmajra - - - - PBW725 Table 2. Status of Av% Black Point (BP) –free areas and varieties in different grain markets of Punjab (2016-2017) Percentage of BP-free varieties of wheat samples in different grain markets of Punjab Area 80-85% Above 85-90% Above 90-95% Above 95% Free Areas Abohar District Abohar Mandi - - DBW17 HD2851 PBW550 PBW509 HD3086 HD2967 Kallar khera HD 2967 Balluna HD 2967 Barnala District Thikriwala HD2967 HD3086 Barnala Mandi HD2967 HD2733 Jhaloor PBW725 HD2967 Bathinda District Bathinda Mandi HD2967 HD2687 Kotshamir/KotFatta HD2967 HD3086 Badhiwala HD2967 HD3086 (Rampura Phul) PBW 725 Talwandi Sabo HD2967 HD2733 PBW 34 HD2851 Raman Mandi HD2967 HD3086 HD2733 Pithu PBW725 HD2967 (Rampura Phul) HD3086 Rampura Phul HD 2851 Talwandi Bhai HD2967 Bhucho HD2733 HD2967 Tung Wali HD3086 HD2967 Kamalu Swaitch HD2967 Lehra Mohabbat HD3086 Faridkot District Faridkot Mandi HD3086 Kabuli Wala HD3086 WH1105 Pipli HD2967 Golewala PDW 291 Fazilka District Fazilka Mandi HD2967 Ferozpur District Jalalabad PBW502 Guru HarSahai PBW502 Jalalabad PBW509 Mansa District Mansa Mandi HD3086 HD2967 Matti HD3086 HD2967 Sardulgarh HD3086 HD2967 Bareta(Budhlada) HD2967 ThuthiaWali HD2967 Bhikhi HD3086 Rori HD2967 HD2329 Budhlada PBW725 Continue……….. 55380 Poonam Rani and Anita Singh, Wheat abnormalities assessment in south western Punjab Table 3. Incidence of normal and abnormal wheat seeds in sample collected from different grain market of Punjab Area Cultivars Normal seeds Wrinkled Cut seeds Entirely discoloured Black Point % Karnal (variety) (%) seeds (%) (%) seeds (%) Bunt% Abohar District Abohar Mandi DBW17 81 3 6 1 9 - PBW 509 77 4 13 - 6 - HD 3086 84 2 8 - 6 - PBW 550 70 17 17 3 - - HD 2851 87 1 8 - 4 - HD 2967 84 9 3 2 3 Balluna HD 2967 63 18 13 2 4 - Kallar khera HD2967 73 3 9 - 5 - Barnala jhaloor PBW 725 86 1 8 1 4 - 2967(mix) 76 8 15 - 1 - Thikriwala HD 3086 74 15 5 1 5 - HD 2967 74 6 12 - 7 2 Barnala Mandi HD 2967 42 24 26 1 6 1 Barnala Mandi HD 2733 61 14 22 2 3 - Bathinda Talwandi Sabo HD 2967 78 1 15 1 5 - HD 2851 82 4 7 - 4 - PBW 34 80 3 8 - 9 - HD 2733 69 8 16 1 4 2 Talwandi Bhai HD 2967 80 9 5 - 2 1 Bathinda HD 2967 66 1 10 - 16 7 Mandi HD 2687 90 3 7 - 1 - Kotshamir/KotFatta HD 2967 68 11 10 - 10 1 Kotshamir HD 3086 88 5 2 1 4 - Raman Mandi HD 2967 75 5 15 - 6 1 HD 3086 74 7 13 - 6 - HD2733 91 3 15 - - 1 Pithu(RampuraPhul) HD2967 77 6 8 - 3 - PBW 725 70 16 7 1 6 - Pithu HD3086 87 3 3 - 7 - Badhiwala