ISO COUNTRY CODES Below is a list of the codes of sovereign states produced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). There has been widespread use of these ISO codes as TLDs (‘top level domains’) in Internet applications (used in lower case), managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Association (IANA), to denote ‘national’ domains in addition to the common TLDs such as ‘.com’ and ‘.org’. There are some IANA codes used in preference to the above on the Internet (eg. ‘.uk’ rather than ‘.gb’). AD ANDORRA FI FINLAND AE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES FJ FIJI ISLANDS AF AFGHANISTAN FM MICRONESIA AG ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA FR FRANCE AL ALBANIA GA GABON AM ARMENIA GB UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND AO ANGOLA NORTHERN IRELAND AR ARGENTINA GD GRENADA AT AUSTRIA GE GEORGIA AU AUSTRALIA GH GHANA AZ AZERBAIJAN GM THE GAMBIA BA BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA GN GUINEA BB BARBADOS GQ EQUATORIAL GUINEA BD BANGLADESH GR GREECE BE BELGIUM GT GUATEMALA BF BURKINA FASO GW GUINEA-BISSAU BG BULGARIA GY GUYANA BH BAHRAIN HN HONDURAS BI BURUNDI HR CROATIA BJ BENIN HT HAITI BN BRUNEI HU HUNGARY BO BOLIVIA ID INDONESIA BR BRAZIL IE IRELAND BS BAHAMAS IL ISRAEL BT BHUTAN IN INDIA BW BOTSWANA IQ IRAQ BY BELARUS IR IRAN BZ BELIZE IS ICELAND CA CANADA IT ITALY CD CONGO (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF) JM JAMAICA CF CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC JO JORDAN CG CONGO (REPUBLIC OF) JP JAPAN CH SWITZERLAND KE KENYA CI CÔTE D’IVOIRE KG KYRGYZSTAN CL CHILE KH CAMBODIA CM CAMEROON KI KIRIBATI CN CHINA KM COMOROS CO COLOMBIA KN ST KITTS AND NEVIS CR COSTA RICA KP NORTH KOREA CU CUBA KR KOREA CV CAPE VERDE KW KUWAIT CY CYPRUS KZ KAZAKHSTAN CZ CZECH REPUBLIC LA LAOS DE GERMANY LB LEBANON DJ DJIBOUTI LC ST LUCIA DK DENMARK LI LIECHTENSTEIN DM DOMINICA LK SRI LANKA DO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC LR LIBERIA DZ ALGERIA LS LESOTHO EC ECUADOR LT LITHUANIA EE ESTONIA LU LUXEMBOURG EG EGYPT LV LATVIA ER ERITREA LY LIBYA ES SPAIN MA MOROCCO ET ETHIOPIA MO MONACO 1520 iso country codes 1521 MD MOLDOVA SC SEYCHELLES ME MONTENEGRO SD SUDAN MG MADAGASCAR SE SWEDEN MH MARSHALL ISLANDS SG SINGAPORE MK MACEDONIA SI SLOVENIA ML MALI SK SLOVAKIA MM MYANMAR SL SIERRA LEONE MN MONGOLIA SM SAN MARINO MR MAURITANIA SN SENEGAL MT MALTA SO SOMALIA MU MAURITIUS SR SURINAME MV MALDIVES ST SÃO TOMÉ E PRÍNCIPE MW MALAŴI SV EL SALVADOR MX MEXICO SY SYRIA MY MALAYSIA SZ SWAZILAND MZ MOZAMBIQUE TD CHAD NA NAMIBIA TG TOGO NE NIGER TH THAILAND NG NIGERIA TJ TAJIKISTAN NI NICARAGUA TL EAST TIMOR NL THE NETHERLANDS TM TURKMENISTAN NO NORWAY TN TUNISIA NP NEPAL TO TONGA NR NAURU TR TURKEY NZ NEW ZEALAND TT TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO OM OMAN TV TUVALU PA PANAMA TZ TANZANIA PE PERU UA UKRAINE PG PAPUA NEW GUINEA UG UGANDA PH PHILIPPINES US UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PK PAKISTAN UY URUGUAY PL POLAND UZ UZBEKISTAN PT PORTUGAL VA VATICAN CITY STATE PW PALAU VC ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES PY PARAGUAY VE VENEZUELA QA QATAR VN VIETNAM RO ROMANIA VU VANUATU RS SERBIA WS SAMOA RU RUSSIA YE YEMEN RW RWANDA ZA SOUTH AFRICA SA SAUDI ARABIA ZM ZAMBIA SB SOLOMON ISLANDS ZW ZIMBABWE ABBREVIATIONS ACP African Caribbean Pacific K kindergarten Adm. Admiral kg kilogramme(s) Adv. Advocate kl kilolitre(s) a.i. ad interim km kilometre(s) kW kilowatt b. born kWh kilowatt hours bbls. barrels bd board lat. latitude bn. billion (one thousand million) lb pound(s) (weight) Brig. Brigadier Lieut. Lieutenant bu. bushel long. longitude Cdr Commander m. million CFA Communauté Financière Africaine Maj. Major CFP Comptoirs Français du Pacifique MW megawatt CGT compensated gross tonnes MWh megawatt hours c.i.f. cost, insurance, freight C.-in-C. Commander-in-Chief NA not available CIS Commonwealth of Independent States n.e.c. not elsewhere classified cm centimetre(s) NRT net registered tonnes cu. cubic NTSC National Television System Committee (525 CUP Cambridge University Press lines 60 fields) cwt hundredweight OUP Oxford University Press D. Democratic Party oz ounce(s) DWT dead weight tonnes PAL Phased Alternate Line (625 lines 50 fields ECOWAS Economic Community of West African 4·43 MHz sub-carrier) States PAL M Phased Alternate Line (525 lines 60 PAL 3·58 EEA European Economic Area MHz sub-carrier) EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone PAL N Phased Alternate Line (625 lines 50 PAL 3·58 EMS European Monetary System MHz sub-carrier) EMU European Monetary Union PAYE Pay-As-You-Earn ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism PPP Purchasing Power Parity est. estimate R. Republican Party f.o.b. free on board retd retired FDI foreign direct investment Rt Hon. Right Honourable ft foot/feet FTE full-time equivalent SADC Southern African Development Community SDR Special Drawing Rights G8 Group Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, SECAM H Sequential Couleur avec Memoire (625 lines USA, Russia 50 fields Horizontal) GDP gross domestic product SECAM V Sequential Couleur avec Memoire (625 lines Gen. General 50 fields Vertical) GNI gross national income sq. square GNP gross national product SSI Supplemental Security Income GRT gross registered tonnes GW gigawatt TAFE technical and further education GWh gigawatt hours TEU twenty-foot equivalent units trn. trillion (one million million) ha. hectare(s) TV television HDI Human Development Index Univ. University ind. independent(s) ICT information and communication technology VAT value-added tax ISO International Organization for v.f.d value for duty Standardization (domain names) 1522 STATESMAN’S YEARBOOK SOURCES The Statesman’s Yearbook references the following sources to maintain accuracy and currency of information contained in our database: • United Nations Statistical Yearbook • Euromonitor International Marketing Data and Statistics • United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report • United Nations World Population Prospects • United Nations World Urbanization Prospects • United Nations Demographic Yearbook • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Yearbook • International Institute of Strategic Studies Military Balance • International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook • Selected International Monetary Fund Reports • Selected European Union Reports • Selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Reports • Selected World Bank Reports • Selected World Trade Organization Reports • International Monetary Fund Government Finance Statistics Yearbook • United Nations Energy Statistics Yearbook • Food and Agricultural Organization Production Yearbook • Food and Agricultural Organization Forest Products Yearbook • Food and Agricultural Organization Fishery Statistics – Capture Production • United Nations Industrial Commodity Statistics Yearbook • International Labour Organization Yearbook of Labour Statistics • International Monetary Fund Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook • United Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook • International Road Federation World Road Statistics • Railway Directory • International Civil Aviation Organization Civil Aviation Statistics of the World • International Civil Aviation Organization Airport Traffic • International Telecommunication Union Yearbook of Statistics • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Statistical Yearbook • Religious Trends No 5 • World Association of Newspapers World Press Trends • Statistical offices, government departments, embassies and international organizations throughout the world • Selected print and online national and international news media 1523 CURRENT LEADERS INDEX CURRENT LEADERS INDEX An * denotes a further reference in the addenda, page xxxi Abdellahi, Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh (Mauritania) 850 Delgado, Rafael Vicente Correa (Ecuador) 417 Abdullah, King (Saudi Arabia) 1080–1 Douglas, Dr Denzil L. (St Kitts and Nevis) 1060–1 Abdullah II, King (Jordan) 728–9 Duarte Frutos, Nicanor (Paraguay) 989 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (Somalia) 1128–9 Dung, Nguyen Tan (Vietnam) 1501–2 Adamkus, Valdas (Lithuania) 802 Durão Barroso, José Manuel (European Commission) 32–3 Afewerki, Issaias (Eritrea) 436 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud (Iran) 663 Enkhbayar, Nambaryn (Mongolia) 876 Ahmed, Dr Fakhruddin (Bangladesh) 176 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (Turkey) 1239–40 Albert II, Prince (Monaco) 872–3 Aliyev, Ilham (Azerbaijan) 162 Fakhruddin Ahmed, Dr (Bangladesh) 176 Amati, Federico Pedini (San Marino) 1072–3 Fenech Adami, Eddie (Malta) 841 Ansip, Andrus (Estonia) 441 Fernández, Dr Leonel (Dominican Republic) 409 Arias Sánchez, Oscar (Costa Rica) 357 Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina (Argentina) 108 Assad, Bashar al- (Syria) 1202 Fico, Robert (Slovakia) 1114–15 Ayma, Evo Morales (Bolivia) 208–9 Fillon, François (France) 471 Fischer, Dr Heinz (Austria) 156 Bachelet, Michelle (Chile) 310–11 Fogh Rasmussen, Anders (Denmark) 393–4 Badawi, Abdullah (Malaysia) 828–9 Fukuda, Yasuo (Japan) 720 Bainimarama, Josaia Voreqe (Fiji Islands) 451–2 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek (Kyrgyzstan) 766 García Pérez, Alan (Peru) 994 Balkenende, Jan Peter (Netherlands) 913–14 Gašparovič, Ivan (Slovakia) 1114 Ban Ki-moon (United Nations) 8–9 Gayoom, Maumoon Abdul (Maldives) 834 Barrow, Dean (Belize) 198 Gbagbo, Laurent (Côte d’Ivoire) 361–2 Băsescu, Traian (Romania) 1030–1 Gnassingbé, Faure (Togo) 1220–1 Bashir, Field Marshal Omar Hassan Ahmed al- (Sudan) 1170–1 Godmanis, Ivars (Latvia) 775 Bayar, Sanj (Mongolia) 876 Golding, Bruce (Jamaica) 713 Belkhadem, Abdelaziz (Algeria) 92 Gonsalves, Dr Ralph E. (St Vincent and Grenadines) 1067 Ben Ali, Zine-Al Abidine (Tunisia) 1232–3 Gonzi, Lawrence (Malta) 841 Benedict XVI, Pope (Vatican City State) 1490–1 Grímsson, Ólafur Ragnar (Iceland) 594 Berdymukhammedov, Gurbanguly (Turkmenistan) 1245 Guebuza, Armando (Mozambique) 889 Berisha, Dr Sali