www.symbiosisonline.org Symbiosis www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com Case Report SOJ Material Science and Engineering Open Access Modification of Design of Cryo-Oxygen Plant for Improved Performance Rama Rao T1* and Ranjan Ojha P2 1Professor Mechanical Engineering Deptt, Bhilai Institute of Technology Raipur, CG, India, 496331 2UG Scholar 8th Sem. Mechanical Engineering Deptt, Bhilai Institute of Technology Raipur, CG, India, 496331 Received: April 10, 2018; Accepted: April 26, 2018; Published: May 07, 2018 *Corresponding author: Rama Rao T, Professor Mechanical Engineering Deptt, Bhilai Institute of Technology Raipur, CG, India, 496331, Tel: +917898351444; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Studies in high energy physics: Development of an industry is very important for the nation oxidizer during combustion. detection and study of high energy particles. and so is its economical functioning. Cryogenics, being versatile in • Liquid hydrogen is used in its application needs proper nourishment and care, which is done Nuclear engineering applications: Preparation of Heavy ice, maintaining cryogenic temperatures for neutron is a very important item for high level research and applications. • Theby periodic possibility improvements of launching in space its systems. vehicle Specificallyhas also come liquid due Oxygen to the bombardment, etc. Electronics: item for doctors and many more. The necessity for the economic development of liquid oxygen. This also finds its use as a lifesaving maintaining suitable operating temperature. • Controlling voltage fluctuation, noise and There are many researches which has been done starting from Gyroscopes: development of these plants will benefit mankind in many fields. where support friction, wind age friction, problem of bearing • Superconducting gyro works in a high vacuum, reducing the cost of Oxygen Liquefaction and ultimately its production instability, and dimensional instability as due to superconductivity 90%for cryogenics. and the remainingThe only expenditure 10% is used for productionin running ofother liquid machinery Oxygen is andelectricity. lighting Out of of the the plants. total electricity Studies have consumed, also led compressor to the fact consumes that the and hence practically all these problems are eliminated. temperature also plays a great role in consumption of electricity. So in the thermal expansion coefficient of materials approaches zero Biology and medicine: Used in cryobiology and cryosurgery, this paper, an attempt has been done to reduce this temperature also. We have incorporated a solar refrigeration system and Freon cooler. • as a killing agent in food preservation, preservation of biological Booster compressor is also introduced and modification in it has led innermaterials ear surgery.likes blood, tissue and bone marrow. Also freezing to theKeywords: work saving up to 4.30%. techniques have been used in the treatment of eye surgery and Freon cooler; Booster Compressor; Space simulation: Creation of simulation chamber for Cryogenics; Liquefaction; Solar Refrigeration System; testing components for mission. Introduction • Manufacturing process: Used in steel manufacturing The subject of Cryogenics is very broad in scope and hence it is power• plant. means, literally, the production of icy cold. It is also used as a process, open hearth furnace, CO formation and space vehicle synonymnecessary tofor limit low the temperature, field to be considered. which involves The term temperatures cryogenics below -150 °C. The boiling points of so called permanent gases, There are significant effects on certain properties of materials whichMechanical is of great importance, properties: like: Yield stress, Ultimate stress and below -150°C, while the froe refrigerants, hydrogen sulphide, and Hardness for alloys and some other materials would increase such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen and air, lie other common refrigerants all boil at temperature above -150°C. with• the decrease in temperature. Thermal Properties: Thermal conductivity of alloys and theCryogenics practical engineering utilization is ofthe low field temperature of developing phenomena. and improving [5] low temperature technique, process and equipment. It includes • impure metals, specific heats of liquids and solids and coefficient engineering and its productions are increasing yearly. Some areas Electrical properties: The cryogenics has a diversified application in the vital field of of thermal expansion decreases with the decrease in temperature. involving cryogenic engineering are: simultaneous disappearance of all electrical resistance and • At very low temperatures, Rocket propulsion system: • Liquid oxygen is used as appearance of perfect diamagnetism takes place. In the absence Symbiosis Group * Corresponding author email: [email protected] Modification of Design of Cryo-Oxygen Plant for Improved Performance Copyright: © 2018 Rama Rao T, et al. of magnetic field, many elements, alloy and compounds become or 99.76%, 0.04% and 0.20% respectively. The manufacture of super conducting at a fairly well defined temperature called liquid oxygen in large quantities is done by distillation of liquid transition temperature in zero field. air, since the oxygen is the second most abundant substance in air (20.95%Principle by of volume Air Separation and 23.20% by weight) (Table 1) [1]. is causedSpecifically either focusing by the onpresence the field of of the research, polymer end or product long chain here moleculeis Oxygen. orThe by liquid the oxygenunpaired has electrons characteristic which blue are colour, responsible which The basic principle of an air separation plant is liquefaction of air and separation of its constituents by rectification. As the for Para magnetism in liquid oxygen. At 1 atm pressure, liquid liquefaction of air is concerned to Cryogenic engineering, and oxygen boils at 90.2 K and freezes at 54.4 K. Saturated liquid there has been a great amount of work devoted to improve oxygen at 1 atm is dense than water at 60 °F. Liquid oxygen is are non-magnetic. Hence by measuring magnetic susceptibility, the efficiency of air separation plant. As the major source for slightly magnetic in contrast to the other cryogenic fluids, which gases) is air and commercial importance of these industrial manufacture of industrial gases (Oxygen, nitrogen and rare small amount of oxygen may be detected in mixture of other gases are known to us. The demand of Oxygen is comparatively gases. Liquid oxygen is chemically reactive, especially with safety problem in handling. more than other industrial gases. Attempts are to develop hydrocarbons. Because of its chemical activity, oxygen presents a Oxygen economically with desirable purity, i.e. with lesser power has only three stable isotopes of mass numbers 16, 17 and 18. consuming and equipment of high precision. As the raw material, Looking to the available isotopes we can conclude that Oxygen reducecost of producingelectrical Oxygenusage. Focusingis nil and onlyon the requirement air components, is electrical for energy. [2] Hence by using proper Cryogenic techniques we can TheTable relative 1: abundance of these three isotopes is 10000:4:20 Isotopes of Oxygen Citation: Page 2 of 11 Eng 6(1): 1-11. Rama Rao T, Ranjan Ojha P (2018) Modification of Design of Cryo-Oxygen Plant for Improved Performance. SOJ Mater Sci Modification of Design of Cryo-Oxygen Plant for Improved Performance Copyright: © 2018 Rama Rao T, et al. simplicity air will be considered to be a binary mixture of 21% of 2 and water vapour, but Oxygen and 79% of Nitrogen, moreover the air introduced to the isseparation complicated process and cannotis kept befree ignored, from CO but for understanding the fundamentalsit does contain of 0.93% air separation of Argon. we It’s ignore true this that added presence complication. of Argon Other gases like Helium, Neon, Krypton and Xenon are present complicationsin small quantities (Table and 2) have[6,12]. boiling points so far removed from those of Oxygen and Nitrogen that they introduce no important Table 2: TypicalImpurity impurities in Air (ppm)Normal Maximum Water - Saturated 1000 Figure 1: log C ) ------------------ (i) Carbon dioxide 3500.1 1 Air liquefactioni i Process Ethylene 0.01 200 Acetylene WRWhere = R C Ti ∑ (C Propylene - 0.2 = Molar concentration of ith component Methane 2.5 10 The ideal work is known as minimum work of separation. To Butane - 0.1 find out work of separation per kg Mole of a particular product, - 0.05 isWR carried is divided out at by low molar temperature. concentration However of thesince product the feed in andthe SulphurCarbon mono-oxidecompounds - 0.1 original mixture. In cryogenic process, the actual separation The simplest form of air separation plant was the originals adiabaticproduct gases control are volume all at ambientwhich surrounds temperature, (Figure the 2),steady the plantflow atenergy ambient equation temperature may be and applied observing to whole that net plant rate by of supplyusing anof single column lined cycle plant which was first operated in 1902; heat per unit mass through the feed and product stream is given hereSize: is a brief classification according to the following basis: by: • Small plants (producing less than 750 cu.M/hr) and TonnageOperating plants Pressure: (producing more than 750 cu.M/hr) Q = T CiSi – T So bar)• High pressure plant (more than 35 bar), Medium pressure plant (6-35 bar) and Low pressure plant (5-6 Where Si = entropy of the ith component Process