Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Fern/Fern Ally Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) ÿIwaÿiwa, ÿiwaÿiwa häwai, ÿiwaÿiwa kahakaha, Adiantum capillus-veneris Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Venus’ hair fern, maidenhair fern Asplenium adiantum-nigrum ÿIwaÿiwa, spleenwort Indigenous <1 to 1 1 Asplenium horridum var. glabratum ÿIwa, ÿalae, spleenwort Indigenous 1 to 4 4 Asplenium horridum var. horridum ÿIwa, ÿalae, spleenwort Indigenous 1 to 4 4 ÿËkaha, ÿëkaha kuahiwi, ÿëkahakaha, bird’s nest Asplenium nidus Indigenous 4 to 6 6 fern Asplenium normale Spleenwort Indigenous 1 to 4 2 Diellia erecta f. pumila Palapalai lau liÿi Endemic <1 1 Doodia kunthiana ÿÖkupukupu, pämoho, ÿökupukupu lauÿiÿi Endemic 1 to 2 3 Doryopteris decipiens ÿIwaÿiwa, manawahua, kumuniu Endemic 1 1 Doryopteris decora N/A Endemic 1 1 Doryopteris subdecipiens (D. decipiens x D. decora) N/A Endemic 1 1 Dryopteris fusco-atra var. fusco-atra ÿIÿi Endemic 1 to 4 2 Lepisorus thunbergianus Päkahakaha, ÿëkaha, ÿäkölea, puaÿa Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Marsilea villosa ÿIhiÿihi, ÿihiÿihi läÿau Endemic <1 to 1 11 Nephrolepis exaltata ssp. Niÿaniÿau, ÿökupukupu, pämoho, kupukupu, Endemic 1 to 4 8 hawaiiensis palapalai, sword fern Nephrolepis x medlerae (N. Kupukupu, ÿökupukupu, Hawaiian sword fern exaltata ssp. hawaiiensis x N. Endemic 1 to 4 8 multiflora) hybrid Ophioglossum nudicaule Adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 2 Ophioglossum petiolatum Adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 2 Pellaea ternifolia Kalamoho lau liÿi, laukahi, kalamoho Indigenous <1 1 Pityrogramma x mckenneyi Fool’s gold fern (endemic hybrid of naturalized (P. austroamericana x P. Endemic 3 2 calomelanos) species) Moa, moa nahele, pipi, ÿoÿomoa, upright Psilotum nudum Indigenous <1 to 2 2 whiskfern Pteris cretica ÿÖali, ÿöwali, cretan brake Indigenous 1 to 3 2 Pteris irregularis Mänä, ÿähewa, ÿiwa puakea Endemic 2 to 4 4 Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 1 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Grass/Sedge Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Agrostis avenacea Heÿupueo, bentgrass Indigenous 1 to 2 <1 Agrostis sandwicensis Bentgrass Endemic 1 <1 Carex meyenii N/A Indigenous 1 to 3 2 Carex wahuensis ssp. herbstii N/A Endemic 1 to 4 2 Carex wahuensis ssp. rubiginosa N/A Endemic 1 to 4 2 Cenchrus agrimonioides var. agrimonioides Kämanomano, kümanomano, sandbur Endemic 1 to 8 4 Mänienie ÿula, piÿipiÿi, pilipili ÿula, golden Possibly Chrysopogon aciculatus 1 2 beardgrass Indigenous Cyperus hillebrandii ssp. decipiens N/A Endemic 1 to 3 1 Cyperus hillebrandii ssp. hillebrandii N/A Endemic 1 to 3 1 Cyperus pennatiformis var. pennatiformis N/A Endemic 2 to 5 2 Eragrostis atropioides Lovegrass Endemic 4 to 6 1 Eragrostis fosbergii Lovegrass Endemic 2 to 4 1 Eragrostis variabilis Käwelu, ÿemoloa, kalamälö, lovegrass Endemic 2 to 3 2 Heteropogon contortus Pili, lule, pili grass, twisted beardgrass, tanglehead Indigenous 2 to 4 1 Panicum beecheyi Panic grass Endemic 1 to 2 1 Panicum fauriei var. carteri Carter’s panic grass Endemic <1 to 2 1 Panicum fauriei var. fauriei Panic grass Endemic <1 to 2 1 Panicum fauriei var. latius Panic grass Endemic <1 to 2 1 Panicum nephelophilum Konakona, panic grass Endemic 2 to 9 4 Panicum torridum Käkonakona, häkonakona, panic grass Endemic <1 to 3 1 Panicum xerophilum Käkonakona, heÿupueo, panic grass Endemic <1 to 3 1 Paspalum scrobiculatum Mauÿu laiki, ricegrass Indigenous 2 to 5 2 Polynesian Saccharum officinarum Kö, sugarcane 8 to 11 8 introduction Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 2 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Herbaceous Plant Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Argemone glauca var. glauca Pua kala, kala, naule, pökalakala, Hawaiian poppy Endemic 3 to 6 4 Bidens cervicata Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau Endemic 3 to 10 8 Bidens torta Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau Endemic 4 to 10 8 Dianella sandwicensis ÿUkiÿuki, ÿuki Indigenous 2 to 8 6 Korthalsella cylindrica Hulumoa, kaumahana Endemic <1 to 1 <1 Korthalsella remyana Hulumoa, kaumahana Endemic <1 to 1 <1 Lipochaeta lobata ssp. leptophylla Nehe Endemic 2 to 6 4 Lipochaeta lobata var. lobata Nehe Endemic 2 to 6 4 Possible ÿIhi ÿai, ÿihi ÿawa, ÿihi maka ÿula, ÿihi mäkole, Oxalis corniculata Polynesian <1 to 1 2 yellow wood sorrel Introduced Peperomia blanda var. ÿAlaÿala wai nui Indigenous 1 2 floribunda Possibly Persicaria glabra Kämole 2 to 6 6 Indigenous ÿAlaÿala wai nui, ÿalaÿala wai nui pua kï, ÿalaÿala Plectranthus parviflorus Indigenous <1 to 4 4 wai nui wahine, spurflower Portulaca villosa ÿIhi Endemic 1 2 Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium var. ÿEnaÿena, püheu Endemic <1 to 2 2 sandwicensium Sanicula mariversa N/A Endemic 2 to 3 1 Pöpolo, ÿolohua, polopolo, pöpolohua, glossy Possibly Solanum americanum 4 to 5 4 nightshade Indigenous Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 3 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Subshrub Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Artemisia australis ÿÄhinahina, hinahina, hinahina kuahiwi Endemic 1 to 2 4 Rumex albescens Huÿahuÿakö Endemic 2 to 4 8 Possibly Sida rhombifolia N/A 2 to 6 4 Indigenous Silene lanceolata Catchfly, campion Endemic 1 to 2 2 Tephrosia purpurea var. Polynesian ÿAuhuhu, ahuhu, ÿauhola, hola 4 to 6 4 purpurea introduction ÿUhaloa, ÿalaÿala pü loa, hala ÿuhaloa, hiÿaloa, Waltheria indica Indigenous 2 to 8 4 kanakaloa Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 4 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Shrub Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Abutilon menziesii Koÿoloa ÿula Endemic 8 to 11 11 Abutilon sandwicense N/A Endemic 6 to 11 8 Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata Hinahina ÿewa Endemic 2 to 8 4 Alyxia oliviformis Maile Endemic 4 to 11 8 Capparis sandwichiana Maiapilo, pilo, pua pilo Endemic 4 to 19 11 Chamaesyce arnottiana ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 8 8 Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 4 6 Chamaesyce kuwaleana ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 1 to 3 2 Chamaesyce multiformis var. microphylla ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 11 8 Chamaesyce multiformis var. multiformis ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 2 to 11 8 ÿÄheahea, ÿahea, ÿähewahewa, alaweo, alaweo Chenopodium oahuense Endemic 2 to 11 8 huna, ÿäweoweo, kähaÿihaÿi Naÿenaÿe, küpaoa, hanupaoa, hinaÿaikamalama, Dubautia herbstobatae Endemic 2 4 neÿineÿi Hedyotis coriacea Kioÿele Endemic 2 to 8 4 Isodendrion laurifolium Aupaka Endemic 4 to 11 2 Isodendrion pyrifolium Wahine noho kula Endemic 3 to 8 8 Lepidium arbuscula Pepperwort, peppergrass Endemic 2 to 5 3 Lobelia niihauensis N/A Endemic 1 to 2 4 Lobelia yuccoides Pänaunau Endemic 6 to 8 6 Neraudia angulata var. angulata N/A Endemic 6 to 11 6 Nototrichium humile Kuluÿï Endemic 4 to 19 19 Osteomeles anthyllidifolia ÿÜlei, eluehe, uÿulei Indigenous 4 to 11 10 Phyllanthus distichus Pämakani mähü, pämakani Endemic 1 to 8 6 Plumbago zeylanica ÿIlieÿe, hilieÿe, ÿiliheÿe, lauhihi Indigenous 1 15 Scaevola gaudichaudii Naupaka kuahiwi Endemic 2 to 6 8 Schiedea ligustrina N/A Endemic 1 to 2 2 Senna gaudichaudii Kolomona, heuhiuhu, kalamona, uhiuhi Indigenous 2 to 15 8 Sesbania tomentosa ÿOhai Endemic 2 to 10 19 Sida fallax ÿIlima Indigenous 1 to 11 8 Tetramolopium filiforme var. filiforme N/A Endemic <1 to 1 1 Tetramolopium filiforme var. polyphyllum N/A Endemic <1 to 1 1 Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 5 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Shrub Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana Pämakani, ÿolopü, violet Endemic 2 1 Wikstroemia uva-ursi var. uva-ursi ÿÄkia, kauhi Endemic 4 to 6 6 Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 6 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 3 (Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation) Oÿahu Zone 3, Tree/Shrub Species Common name End/ind/pol Height Spread (ft) (ft) Caesalpinia kavaiensis Uhiuhi, käwaÿu, kea Endemic 15 to 38 31 Claoxylon sandwicense Poÿolä, laukea Endemic 8 to 23 6 Dodonaea viscosa ÿAÿaliÿi, ÿaÿaliÿi kü makani, ÿaÿaliÿi kü ma kua, Indigenous 8 to 31 15 kümakani Eugenia reinwardtiana Nïoi Indigenous 6 to 27 10 Hibiscus kokio ssp. kokio Kokiÿo, kokiÿo ÿula, kokiÿo ÿulaÿula, mäkü Endemic 4 to 27 11 Hibiscus tiliaceus Hau Indigenous 8 to 76 38 Morinda citrifolia Noni, Indian mulberry Polynesian 11 to 23 19 introduction Nesoluma polynesicum Keahi Indigenous 19 to 38 27 Nototrichium sandwicense Kuluÿï Endemic 3 to 27 23 Pisonia brunoniana Päpala këpau, päpala Indigenous 11 to 23 11 Pittosporum confertiflorum Höÿawa, häÿawa Endemic 8 to 34 11 Pouteria sandwicensis ÿÄlaÿa, äulu, ÿëlaÿa, kaulu Endemic 46 to 76 38 Psydrax odorata Alaheÿe, ÿöheÿe, walaheÿe Indigenous 11 to 57 23 Santalum ellipticum ÿIliahialoÿe, coast sandalwood Endemic 4 to 19 11 Santalum freycinetianum var.